Leer y Aprender Home

Además, con fondos de la Agencia Catalana de Cooperación al Desarrollo de la ...... periódico, pero no usan el material ... También los periódicos completos.
8MB Größe 33 Downloads 1 vistas
$SUHQGHUDOHHU GHIRUPD FRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD (VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

)HGHULFR5RQFDO\6LOYLD0RQWHSHTXH

$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

'EXEPSKEGMzRHIPEJYIRXI 6SRGEP*IHIVMGS]1SRXITIUYI7MPZME %TVIRHIVEPIIVHIJSVQEGSQTVIRWMZE]GVuXMGEIWXVEXIKMEW]LIVVEQMIRXEW +YEXIQEPE)HMXSVMEP7EUMP8^MN T -7&2 4EPEFVEWGPEZIGSQTVIRWMzRPIGXSVEIWXVEXIKMEWPIGXSVEWSVKERM^EHSVIWKVjJMGSWERMQEGMzRHIPEPIGXYVE QIHMEGMzRPIGXSVEGSQTIXIRGMEPIGXSVEPIGXYVEGVuXMGE

-PYWXVEHSV)HKEV(ERMIP1SVEPIW>YPIXE (MEKVEQEHSV+YWXEZS@LJMBQBK@F>IB@QLO> Œ"KNRi@LKPFPQBP>?BOIBBO?FBK 7RGDV \ WRGRV WHQHPRV XQD LGHD VREUH OR TXH LPSOLFD VDEHU OHHU ELHQ  &XDQGR HVFXFKDPRV D XQ FRPSDxHUR R D XQ HVWXGLDQWH OHHU XQ WH[WR R OH HVFXFKDPRV KDFHUXQFRPHQWDULRVREUHORTXHKDOHtGRKDFHPRVMXLFLRVGHYDORU©pOQRVDEH OHHUª©HOODOHHEDVWDQWHELHQªHWF

$FWLYLGDG ¢4XpSLHQVDTXHVLJQLILFDOHHUELHQ"(VFULEDVXUHVSXHVWDHQHOHVSDFLRGHDEDMR

&RQHODIiQGHSRQHUQRVGHDFXHUGRVREUHORTXHLPSOLFDVDEHUOHHUELHQRDOFDQ]DU ODFRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUDOHSURSRQHPRVFRQVLGHUDUODVLJXLHQWHGHILQLFLyQ/HHUHV XQSURFHVRLQWHUDFWLYRTXHFRQVLVWHHQFDSWDUH[WUDHUFRPSUHQGHUYDORUDU\XWLOL]DU HOVLJQLILFDGRGHXQWH[WR ([LVWHQ PXFKDV GHILQLFLRQHV SHUR KHPRV HODERUDGR pVWD SRUTXH UHVXOWD PX\ ~WLO SDUD LGHQWLILFDU HQ HOOD ORV SULQFLSDOHV HOHPHQWRV GH OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD TXH H[SRQHPRVDFRQWLQXDFLyQ

> -OL@BPLFKQBO>@QFSL (ODXWRUVÍORHVFULEHODPLWDGGHOOLEUR 'HODRWUDPLWDGGHEHRFXSDUVHHOOHFWRU  -RVHSK&RQUDG

)UDQN 6PLWK  HQ 'XERLV   IXH XQR GH ORV SULPHURV HQ DSR\DU OD WHRUtD GH TXH OD OHFWXUD HV XQ SURFHVRLQWHUDFWLYRSXHVFRQVLGHUy TXH LQWHUDFW~D OD LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH SRVHHHOOHFWRUROHFWRUDFRQODTXH HVWi HQ HO WH[WR  7DPELpQ +HLPOLFK \ 3LWWHOPDQ   FRQVLGHUDQ HO SURFHVR GH OD OHFWXUD FRPR XQ GLiORJRPHQWDOHQWUHHOWH[WRHVFULWR \HOOHFWRU



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

(QWHQGHU OD OHFWXUD FRPR XQ SURFHVR LQWHUDFWLYR QRV SHUPLWH LGHQWLILFDU GRV FRQVHFXHQFLDV SHGDJyJLFDV GH LPSRUWDQFLD VLQJXODU TXH GHEHPRV WRPDU HQ FXHQWD DO PRPHQWR GH IDFLOLWDU HO DSUHQGL]DMH GH OD FRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUD D/RV FRQRFLPLHQWRV SUHYLRV GHO HGXFDQGR VRQ LQGLVSHQVDEOHV SDUD HQWUDU HQ GLiORJR FRQ HO WH[WR &RPRYHUHPRVPiVDGHODQWHHVWRV FRQRFLPLHQWRVSUHYLRVWLHQHQTXHYHU FRQHOWHPD\HOYRFDEXODULRSURSLR GHODOHFWXUDSHURWDPELpQFRQXQD VHULH GH FRQRFLPLHQWRV HQ UHODFLyQ D OD PDQHUD GH OHHU HVWUDWHJLDV OHFWRUDV  E/D DFWLWXG GH GLiORJR PLHQWUDV VH OHH HV LQGLVSHQVDEOH SDUD FDSWDU FRPSUHQGHU \ YDORUDU ORV VLJQLILFDGRV  6L QR HVWDPRV KDFLpQGRQRV SUHJXQWDV PHQWDOHV FRQVWDQWHPHQWH \ HVFXFKDPRV ODV UHVSXHVWDVTXHHOWH[WRQRVGDDHVDV LQWHUURJDQWHV HV LPSRVLEOH OOHJDU DO VLJQLILFDGRGHORTXHOHHPRV

*OHQEHUJ \ /DQJVWRQ  HQ 6iQFKH] FRPHQWDQDOUHVSHFWR ©&RQFHELPRVODFRQVWUXFFLyQ ¿Qué novedades GH XQ PRGHOR PHQWDO GH XQ encuentra en lo WH[WRFRPRXQSURFHVRDFWLYR TXH GHPDQGD DWHQFLyQ que se expone QR FRPR DOJR TXH RFXUUH respecto a la DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH FRQ OD lectura? OHFWXUDª

? !B@LAFCF@>@FrKBCF@FBKQB / D  G H F R G L I L F D F L y Q  H I L F L H Q W H FRUUHVSRQGH D OD DFFLyQ GH ©FDSWDUª PHQFLRQDGD HQ OD GHILQLFLyQ GH OD FRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUD¢/DUHFXHUGD" 6H UHILHUH D OR TXH JHQHUDOPHQWH OODPDPRV DSUHQGHU D OHHU HQ ORV



SULPHURV DxRV GH OD YLGD HVFRODU &RQVLVWH HQ UHFRQRFHU ODV OHWUDV TXH VRQFyGLJRV \DVRFLDUODVSDUDFRQVWUXLU ODVSDODEUDVGHQWURGHQXHVWUDPHQWH /D GHFRGLILFDFLyQ SDUD TXH VHD HILFLHQWH GHEH UHXQLU XQ FRQMXQWR GH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXH YDOH OD SHQD FRQVLGHUDU ‡ 3UHFLVLyQ (V OD SRVLELOLGDG GH LGHQWLILFDU FRUUHFWDPHQWH ODV OHWUDV TXH HVWiQ HQ HO WH[WR \ D SDUWLU GH HOODV DUPDU ODV SDODEUDV TXH HIHFWLYDPHQWH FRPSRQHQ HO HVFULWR  /D IDOWD GH SUHFLVLyQ KDFH TXH FXDQGR HVWDPRV OH\HQGR FDPELHPRV ODV SDODEUDV TXH HVWiQ HVFULWDV SRU RWUDV  3RU HMHPSOR VL OHHPRV ©JRWDª HQ OXJDU GH ©URWDª 6HJXUDPHQWH XVWHG KD SRGLGR FRPSUREDU TXH PXFKDV SHUVRQDV FRPHWHQ HUURUHV GH SUHFLVLyQ FRQ EDVWDQWHIUHFXHQFLD ‡ )OXLGH] (V XQ FRQFHSWR DO TXH VH OH KDQ DVLJQDGR VLJQLILFDGRV PX\ GLIHUHQWHV TXL]i SRUTXH HV XQ WpUPLQRSURSLRGHODItVLFDDGDSWDGR DO OHQJXDMH  3DUD DOJXQRV DXWRUHV HV OD FRPELQDFLyQ DGHFXDGD GH YHORFLGDGSUHFLVLyQ\HQWRQDFLyQDO PRPHQWRGHOHHU7LHQHTXHYHUFRQ

 HOULWPRSXHVODOHFWXUDH[LJHKDFHU SDXVDV SHTXHxDV R PHGLDQDV \ YDULDU OD HQWRQDFLyQ GH QXHVWUD YR] VHJ~Q OR LQGLFDQ ORV VLJQRV GH SXQWXDFLyQ \ HO SURSLR FRQWHQLGR GH OR TXH OHHPRV QR VH OHH LJXDO OR TXH GLFH XQ SHUVRQDMH TXH HVWi HQWUDQGR HQ XQD FXHYD RVFXUD PX\ RVFXUD« TXH XQ FRQFHSWR GH WHUPRGLQiPLFD 

(Q FRQFOXVLyQ SRGHPRV GHFLU TXH OD IOXLGH] HV OD FRPELQDFLyQ DGHFXDGDGHOULWPR\ODHQWRQDFLyQ FRQ OD TXH OHHPRV RUDOPHQWH SDUD FDSWDU PHMRU HO VLJQLILFDGR GHO WH[WR

‡ 9HORFLGDG (V OD FDQWLGDG GH SDODEUDV TXH ORJUDPRV OHHU VLOHQFLRVDPHQWH HQ XQ SHUtRGR GH WLHPSR JHQHUDOPHQWH VH PLGH SRU PLQXWR  /D YHORFLGDG OHFWRUD VH DOFDQ]DFRQIRUPHODGHFRGLILFDFLyQ VH YD KDFLHQGR DXWRPiWLFD HQ OD FRRUGLQDFLyQ RMRPHQWH \ HQ OXJDU GHYHUOHWUDVYHPRV\UHFRQRFHPRV SDODEUDV FRPSOHWDV \ OXHJR FRQMXQWRVGHSDODEUDV 

6LELHQODYHORFLGDGGHOHFWXUDQRHV VLQyQLPRGHFRPSUHQVLyQVHSXHGH OHHU PX\ UiSLGR \ QR FRPSUHQGHU QDGD HV QHFHVDULR DOFDQ]DU FLHUWD YHORFLGDG SDUD FRPSUHQGHU (VWR VH H[SOLFD SRUTXH VL HO QLxR R OD QLxD R FXDOTXLHU SHUVRQD OHH PX\ GHVSDFLR VX PHQWH HVWi FRQFHQWUDGD HQ FRQYHUWLU ODV OHWUDV HQ SDODEUDV R HQ UHFRQRFHU ODV SDODEUDV XQD D XQD OR TXH SRGUtDPRV OODPDU GHFRGLILFDFLyQ PHFiQLFD \ HOOR QR OH SHUPLWH FRQFHQWUDUVH HQ EXVFDU HO VLJQLILFDGR GHODRUDFLyQRHOSiUUDIR'HVDUUROODU OD GHFRGLILFDFLyQ DXWRPiWLFD \ XQD EXHQD YHORFLGDG OHFWRUD VRQ UHTXLVLWRV SDUD FRPSUHQGHU OR TXH OHHPRV

&DStWXOR

/DFRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUD

&DGD XQD GH HVWDV WUHV KDELOLGDGHV HV QHFHVDULD SDUD GHFRGLILFDU GH IRUPD HILFLHQWH \ SDUD GHVDUUROODU ORV VLJXLHQWHV FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD OD FRPSUHQVLyQ \ OD YDORUDFLyQFUtWLFD

@

¿Qué diferencias y similitudes encuentra entre las características de la decodificación presentadas y lo que usted sabía de las mismas?

LJMOBKPFrK

/DOHFWXUDHVFRPRHODOLPHQWR HOSURYHFKRQRHVW»HQSURSRUFLÍQ GHORTXHVHFRPH VLQRGHORTXHVHGLJLHUH -DLPH/XFLDQR%DOPHV

&RQIRUPH YDPRV GHVDUUROODQGR OD FDSDFLGDG GH GHFRGLILFDU HILFLHQWHPHQWHOHHUFRQYHORFLGDG SUHFLVLyQ \ IOXLGH] DFHSWDEOH YDPRV LQJUHVDQGR DO WHUUHQR GH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ  3RGHPRV OOHJDU D HQWHQGHU OR TXH RWUD SHUVRQD KD TXHULGR FRPXQLFDU D WUDYpV GH OD SDODEUDHVFULWD (O SURFHVR GH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ LQLFLD FXDQGR ORJUDPRV FRQHFWDU HO VLJQLILFDGR GH FDGD SDODEUD \ FRQVWUXLPRV HO VLJQLILFDGR GH OD RUDFLyQ GHVFXEULHQGR HQ HOOD XQD LGHD R SURSRVLFLyQ 9HDPRV XQ HMHPSORPX\VHQFLOOR /D FDUUHWD QR VDOtD GH DTXHO LQIHOL] KR\R SRUTXH HVWDED VREUHFDUJDGD FRQ WRGR WLSR GH FKXQFKHV \ \R FDQVDGDGHHPSXMDUOD 3 D U D  F R P S U H Q G H U  H V W H  W H [ W R QHFHVLWDPRV FRQHFWDU ORV VLJQLILFDGRV GHODVSDODEUDVFDUUHWDQRVDOLUKR\R SRUTXH VREUHFDUJDGD FDQVDGD HPSXMDUOD FKCLOJ>@FrK (Q RSLQLyQ GH DOJXQRV HVSHFLDOLVWDV VHU XQOHFWRUFRPSHWHQWHUHTXLHUHDGHPiV GH ORV SURFHVRV TXH KHPRV DQDOL]DGR VDEHU XWLOL]DU HQ GLIHUHQWHV VLWXDFLRQHV \ FRQWH[WRV OD LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH VH KD REWHQLGR GH OD OHFWXUD  (V OR TXH VH FRQRFH FRPR ©OHHU SDUD DSUHQGHUª SXHV D WUDYpV GHO OHQJXDMH HVFULWR QRV DSURSLDPRV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ \ OD FRQYHUWLPRVHQFRQRFLPLHQWR~WLO 3DUDRWURVDXWRUHVODSRVLELOLGDGGHXWLOL]DU OD LQIRUPDFLyQ REWHQLGD D WUDYpV GH OD OHFWXUD FRUUHVSRQGH PiV D OD KDELOLGDG GH DSUHQGHU SRU FXHQWD SURSLD TXH D OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD HQ Vt PLVPD 3ODQWHDQ TXH XWLOL]DU OD LQIRUPDFLyQ UHTXLHUHXQQLYHOGHGHVWUH]DPD\RUTXH OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD  6H QHFHVLWD FRQHFWDU \ WUDQVIHULU OD LQIRUPDFLyQ QXHYDDVLWXDFLRQHVFRQFUHWDVHQGRQGH VHSXHGHDSOLFDU ,QGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH OD SRVWXUD TXH QRV SDUH]FD PiV SUHFLVD ODV \ ORV HGXFDGRUHV HVWDPRV FRPSURPHWLGRV FRQ GHVDUUROODU DPEDV FRVDV OD FRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUD\ODFDSDFLGDGGH XWLOL]DUODLQIRUPDFLyQSRUORWDQWRKHPRV GH SURPRYHUODV HQ ORV QLxRV \ QLxDV GH IRUPDVLVWHPiWLFD

)>@LJMBQBK@F>IB@QLO> -OL@BPLFKQBO>@QFSL

&RQRFLPLHQWRVSUHYLRV GHOHGXFDQGR $FWLWXGGHGLiORJR PLHQWUDVVHOHH

!B@LAFCF@>@FrKBCF@FBKQB

3UHFLVLyQ )OXLGH] 9HORFLGDG

LJMOBKPFrK

,GHQWLILFDUSDODEUDVFODYHV &RQHFWDUVLJQLILFDGRV ,QIHULUVLJQLILFDGRV ,QWHUSUHWDUVLJQLILFDGRV (ODERUDUHOVLJQLILFDGRJOREDO

3>ILO>@FrK@OmQF@>

'XGDU 9DORUDU

2PLABI>FKCLOJ>@FrK

$SUHQGHU 5HVROYHUSUREOHPDV



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

$FWLYLGDG ¢/H JXVWDUtD DXWRHYDOXDU VX FRPSUHQVLyQ VREUH DOJXQDV GH ODV LGHDV H[SXHVWDV KDVWD DTXt"%LHQOHSURSRQHPRVORVLJXLHQWH

A. Lea los siguientes enunciados y señale la respuesta correcta a partir de lo que ha comprendido del texto.  6DEHUOHHUELHQVLJQLILFD D 5HFRQRFHU\FDSWDUHOVLJQLILFDGRGHODVSDODEUDVSDUDIRUPDURUDFLRQHV E 5HFRQRFHUHLQWHUSUHWDUHOVLJQLILFDGRGHWH[WRVFRPSUHQGHUVXPHQVDMHYDORUDUOR\XWLOL]DUOR HQVLWXDFLRQHVFRWLGLDQDV F 5HFRQRFHUHLQWHUSUHWDUODVLGHDVHVFULWDVSDUDWHQHUPD\RUIOXLGH]DOOHHU  6HSXHGHGHFLUTXHXQDSHUVRQDWLHQHXQEXHQQLYHOGHGHFRGLILFDFLyQVL D $OOHHUFDSWDODVSDODEUDVSURQXQFLiQGRODVGHELGDPHQWHDXQTXHGHPDQHUDOHQWDFXDQGR VRQQXHYDV E 1RFRQIXQGHSDODEUDVWLHQHEXHQDYHORFLGDG\OHHGHFRUULGRDXQTXHRPLWHORVVLJQRVGH SXQWXDFLyQ F 1RFRQIXQGHSDODEUDVXWLOL]DORVVLJQRVGHSXQWXDFLyQDGHFXDGDPHQWH\ORKDFHDXQD YHORFLGDGTXHOHSHUPLWHFRPSUHQGHU  &XDQGRVHGLFH©/DOHFWXUDHVXQSURFHVRLQWHUDFWLYRªVHUHILHUHD D /DUHODFLyQTXHVHIRUPDHQWUHORVOHFWRUHV E /DUHODFLyQTXHVHIRUPDHQWUHHOOHFWRU\HOWH[WR F (OSURFHVRTXHVHUHDOL]DGHVSXpVGHODOHFWXUD  9DORUDUFUtWLFDPHQWHXQWH[WRVLJQLILFD D ,GHQWLILFDUODVSDUWHVFRQODVTXHPHLGHQWLILFRHQHOWH[WR\PHKDFHQUHIOH[LRQDU E ,GHQWLILFDUODVSDUWHVPiVERQLWDVGHOWH[WR\FRQODVTXHHVWR\GHDFXHUGR F (PLWLUXQMXLFLRVREUHHOFRQWHQLGRGHXQWH[WRDSDUWLUGHORTXHFRQR]FR\DUJXPHQWDUPL SRVWXUD %XVTXHUHVSXHVWDVVXJHULGDVDHVWDDFWLYLGDGHQHODQH[RGHODSiJLQD

B. Emita su opinión.  ©/DPD\RUtDGHHVWXGLDQWHVQRVDEHOHHUELHQQRWLHQHKiELWRGHOHFWXUDª ¢(VWiGHDFXHUGR" ¢3RUTXp"

C. Compare las ideas que escribió al inicio de este apartado sobre el significado de «leer bien» (página 13) con lo que ha leído hasta aquí. ¿Qué elementos pueden enriquecer la definición que usted tenía al inicio?



&DStWXOR

/DFRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUD

Œ-LONRiBPFJMLOQ>KQBIBBO?FBK |&X»QWDVYHFHVODOHFWXUDGHXQOLEURQRKDVLGRODHQFUXFLMDGD TXHKDFDPELDGRGHFXUVRODYLGDGHXQDSHUVRQD +HQU\'DYLG7KRUHDX

$FWLYLGDG $QWHVGHVHJXLUOH\HQGRSLHQVHHQODSUHJXQWD\HVFULEDSRUTXpFRQVLGHUDTXHVDEHU OHHUELHQHVLPSRUWDQWH

Conforme avance en la lectura, vaya > IDRK>PO>WLKBP?bPF@>P comparando sus respuestas con 'HQPHXQHVWXGLDQWHTXHVHSDOHHU\HVFULELUELHQ las razones que se presentan. \QRWHQGUHPRVP»VOÇPLWHVTXHHOFLHORLQILQLWR $QyQLPR

3DUD FRPHQ]DU D DQDOL]DU OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH OD OHFWXUD HQ OD YLGD GH ORV VHUHV KXPDQRVOHSURSRQHPRVDOJXQDVUD]RQHVEiVLFDV (VWLPXODHOOHQJXDMH\HOSHQVDPLHQWR

/D OHFWXUD QRV SHUPLWH GHVDUUROODU KDELOLGDGHV OLQJtVWLFDV SXHV D WUDYpV GH HOOD FRQRFHPRV SDODEUDV QXHYDV TXH QRV SHUPLWHQ DPSOLDU QXHVWUDV SRVLELOLGDGHV GH SHQVDU \ H[SUHVDU OD UHDOLGDG QXHVWURV VHQWLPLHQWRV \ VXHxRV  /D OHFWXUD SHUPLWH PHMRUDUODPDQHUDGHFRPXQLFDUQRV $GHPiV HO OHQJXDMH HVWi tQWLPDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGR FRQ QXHVWUDV FDSDFLGDGHV GH SHQVDPLHQWR  /DV SDODEUDV \ ODV RUDFLRQHV VRQ QHFHVDULDV SDUD SHQVDU VREUH REMHWRV SURFHVRV UHODFLRQHV HWF /D PD\RUtD GH ORV SVLFyORJRV FRQWHPSRUiQHRV LQVLVWHQ HQ OD UHODFLyQ HQWUHOHQJXDMH\SHQVDPLHQWR )DYRUHFHHOp[LWRDFDGpPLFR

/DOHFWXUD\ODHVFULWXUDVRQODVSULQFLSDOHV KHUUDPLHQWDVGHODHVFXHOD\GHWRGDVODV LQVWLWXFLRQHVGHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR¢4Xp SRVLELOLGDGHV GH p[LWR WLHQHQ GHQWUR GH HVHVLVWHPDODVSHUVRQDVTXHQRFXHQWDQ FRQHVDVKHUUDPLHQWDV" 

$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

(VWi FRPSUREDGR TXH OHHU ELHQ SHUPLWH D ODV QLxDV \ QLxRV DSUHQGHU PHMRUHQODVGLVWLQWDViUHDVGHOFXUUtFXOR PDWHPiWLFD FLHQFLDV VRFLDOHV \ RWUDV \ REWHQHU PHMRUHV UHVXOWDGRV DFDGpPLFRV 3RU HMHPSOR HV VDELGR TXH PXFKDV YHFHV ODV \ ORV DOXPQRV IDOODQ HQ PDWHPiWLFDV SRUTXH QR HQWLHQGHQ HO HQXQFLDGR GH ORV SUREOHPDV D~Q FXDQGR FRQR]FDQ HO SURFHGLPLHQWRPDWHPiWLFR\ORVHSDQ DSOLFDU 3HUPLWHDSUHQGHU DORODUJRGHWRGDODYLGD

'HVGH KDFH YDULRV DxRV VH KD SXHVWR GH PRGD OD H[SUHVLyQ ©DSUHQGHU D DSUHQGHUª SRUTXH HV FRQVLGHUDGD OD GHVWUH]D FRJQLWLYD PiV LPSRUWDQWH HQ ODV VRFLHGDGHV DFWXDOHV (O FRQRFLPLHQWR VH SURGXFH FRQ WDQWD YHORFLGDG TXH FXDOTXLHU SHUVRQD VL GHVHD FRQVHUYDU VX WUDEDMR QHFHVLWD VHJXLU DSUHQGLHQGR \ DFWXDOL]DUVH SRU FXHQWDSURSLD 3UHJXQWpPRQRV ¢&XiO HV OD SULQFLSDO IRUPDGHDSUHQGHUSRUFXHQWDSURSLD" /DVLJXLHQWHIUDVHGH&KDUOHUV(OOLRWQRV SXHGHD\XGDU /RVOLEURVVRQHOP»VFRQVWDQWH\ HVWDEOHGHORVDPLJRV HOP»VVDELR\DFFHVLEOHGHORVFRQVHMHURV \HOP»VSDFLHQWHGHORVPDHVWURV &KDUOHUV:(OOLRW

3RVLELOLWDPHMRUDUODV FRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGD

(V UHODWLYDPHQWH IiFLO GHGXFLU TXH XQD SHUVRQD TXH VDEH OHHU ELHQ WLHQH PD\RUHV SRVLELOLGDGHV GH PHMRUDU VXV FRQGLFLRQHV GH YLGD  3XHGH OHHU \ DSUHQGHU FyPR PHMRUDU VX VDOXG SHUVRQDO \ OD GH VX IDPLOLD FyPR DFFHGHU D PHMRUHV RSFLRQHV GH HPSOHR FyPR UHVROYHU GLILFXOWDGHV SHUVRQDOHVHWF 

$OJXQRV HVWXGLRV FRPR HO ©,QIRUPH *pPLQLVª GH &KLOH KDQ SRGLGR FRQVWDWDU TXH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH OHFWXUDHVWiDVRFLDGDDORVLQJUHVRVGH ODVSHUVRQDV\ORVSDtVHV'HPXHVWUDQ TXH H[LVWH XQD LQIOXHQFLD GH GREOH YtD ODV SHUVRQDV TXH WLHQHQ PHMRUHV LQJUHVRV OHHQ PHMRU SHUR WDPELpQ ODV SHUVRQDV TXH WLHQHQ PHMRU FRPSUHQVLyQ GH OHFWXUD REWLHQHQ PHMRUHVLQJUHVRV &RPRGLFH+RO]ZDUWK  ©/DOHFWXUD HV XQ GHUHFKR TXH WRGRV GHEHPRV UHVSHWDU\TXHQDGLHGHEHUtDTXLWDUOHD ORVQLxRVDORVMyYHQHVQLDORVDGXOWRV(V XQDKHUUDPLHQWDGHUHVLVWHQFLDIUHQWHD ODH[FOXVLyQVRFLDOª

&DStWXOR

? ,QO>PO>WLKBPRODBKQBP /XHJR GH UHYLVDU DOJXQDV UD]RQHV EiVLFDV TXH KDFHQ LPSRUWDQWH GHVDUUROODU OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD HQ WRGDV ODV SHUVRQDV TXHUHPRV LQYLWDUOH DSURIXQGL]DUXQSRFRPiVDLUPiVDOOi HQUHODFLyQDODVLPSOLFDFLRQHVVRFLDOHV TXH WLHQH SDUWLFXODUPHQWH HQ QXHVWUR SDtV ORJUDU TXH WRGD OD SREODFLyQ DSUHQGDDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD \FUtWLFD 6REUHYLYLUHQVRFLHGDGHV OOHQDVGHLQIRUPDFLyQSHUR FDUHQWHVGHFRQRFLPLHQWR

/RVOLEURVPHHQVHËDURQDSHQVDU \HOSHQVDPLHQWRPHKL]ROLEUH 5LFDUGR/HyQ

/DVQXHYDVWHFQRORJtDVSDUWLFXODUPHQWH HO LQWHUQHW SHUPLWHQ DFFHGHU D XQD FDQWLGDG LQPHQVD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH OD PiV GLYHUVD YDULHGDG GH WHPDV$WUDYpVGHODUDGLRODWHOHYLVLyQ \ RWURV PHGLRV PDVLYRV FDGD GtD UHFLELPRV XQ GLOXYLR GH LQIRUPDFLyQ 3RU HOOR HV LPSUHVFLQGLEOH FRQWDU FRQ KHUUDPLHQWDV PHQWDOHV HILFDFHV

/DFRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUD

SDUD SURFHVDUOD FRQ HVWUDWHJLDV FRQVFLHQWHV \ HIHFWLYDV SDUD EXVFDUOD \ VHOHFFLRQDUOD \ VREUH WRGR FRQ FULWHULRV TXH QRV SHUPLWDQ HVWDEOHFHU MHUDUTXtDV GH FDOLGDG \ GH ILDELOLGDG (Q LQWHUQHW WHQHPRV UHVSXHVWDV SDUD FDVL WRGR SHUR HO XVR HILFD] GH ODV PLVPDV GHSHQGHUi GH ODV SUHJXQWDV TXH QRV JXtHQ \ GH FRQWDU FRQ DYDQ]DGDV KDELOLGDGHV GH OHFWXUD &RPR SODQWHD 0LOOiQ  HQ -RYHU REFLW  (O SUREOHPD HV VDEHU TXp LQIRUPDFLyQ EXVFDPRV \ SDUD TXp D ILQ GH VHU FDSDFHV OXHJR GH KDFHUOD QXHVWUD GH WUDQVIRUPDUOD HQ FRQRFLPLHQWR \ KDVWD RMDOi HQ VDELGXUtD  /D LQIRUPDFLyQ HV DOJR TXH SHUWHQHFH DO H[WHULRUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRDOLQWHULRU/D LQIRUPDFLyQ HV FDyWLFD \ IiFLOPHQWH DFXPXODEOH HO FRQRFLPLHQWR HVWi HQ FDPELR HVWUXFWXUDGR \ VyOR SXHGH FUHFHU OHQWDPHQWH  /D LQIRUPDFLyQ VH SXHGH DXWRPDWL]DU \ SHUPDQHFH LQHUWH PLHQWUDV HO FRQRFLPLHQWR HV HVSHFtILFDPHQWHKXPDQR\FRQGXFHD ODDFFLyQ



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

5HVXOWDGHYLWDOLPSRUWDQFLDGHVDUUROODU QXHYDV KDELOLGDGHV GH OHFWXUD TXH SHUPLWDQ LGHQWLILFDU SURFHVDU \ DSURSLDUVH GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ SDUD WUDQVIRUPDUOD HQ FRQRFLPLHQWR DVt FRPR DGTXLULU GHVWUH]DV H[SUHVLYDV TXH SHUPLWDQ FRPXQLFDU HVWH FRQRFLPLHQWR  (VWDV FRPSHWHQFLDV FRQVWLWX\HQ UHTXLVLWRV EiVLFRV GH OD DOIDEHWL]DFLyQ TXH UHTXLHUH HO PXQGR PRGHUQR $SUHQGHUDVHU\DFRQYLYLU

(OKDOOD]JRDIRUWXQDGRGHXQEXHQOLEUR SXHGHFDPELDUHOGHVWLQRGHXQDOPD 0DUFHO3UHYRVW

/D OHFWXUD SXHGH FRQWULEXLU D OD IRUPDFLyQ FXOWXUDO pWLFD HVWpWLFD DIHFWLYDGHODQLxH]\ODMXYHQWXG\D ODFRQIRUPDFLyQGHXQDVRFLHGDGPiV GHPRFUiWLFDMXVWDVROLGDULD\SDFtILFD TXHODDFWXDO $ WUDYpV GH OD OHFWXUD SRGHPRV UHFRQRFHUQRV HQ ODV YLGDV GH RWURV KRPEUHV\PXMHUHVFX\RVSUREOHPDVVRQ SDUHFLGRVDORVQXHVWURV/RTXHOHHPRV QRVSHUPLWHFRQIRUPDUQXHVWURSUHFLVR PRGR GH HQWHQGHU DO VHU KXPDQR  $O UHVSHFWR-RYHU REFLW SODQWHD *UDFLDVDODFLHQFLDDFFHGHPRVDXQ PHMRUFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOPXQGRH[WHULRU \GHVDUUROODPRVHOSHQVDPLHQWROyJLFR FLHQWtILFR SHUR JUDFLDV D OD SDODEUD JUDFLDV D ORV UHODWRV FRQVWUXLPRV XQD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GHO PXQGR \ EXVFDPRV QXHVWUROXJDUHQpO(VHOSHQVDPLHQWR QDUUDWLYRHOTXHQRVSHUPLWHDFFHGHUD FXDQWRWLHQHTXHYHUFRQHOVHUKXPDQR \VXVSUREOHPDVFRQQXHVWUDVDFFLRQHV HLQWHQFLRQHV /RV UHODWRV TXH OHV FRQWDPRV D QXHVWURVKLMRVHKLMDVQXWUHQVXXQLYHUVR LQWHULRU/DIRUPDHQTXHSHUFLELPRV\



VHQWLPRVODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQTXHGDPRV D VHQVDFLRQHV \ HPRFLRQHV YLHQHQ PRGHODGDVSRUORVUHODWRVTXHOHHPRV &RPRH[SOLFD%UXQHU  HVDWUDYpV GH ORV UHODWRV FRPR QRV DQFODPRV FXOWXUDOPHQWH HV HQ HOORV GRQGH IXQGDPHQWDPRV QXHVWUDV FUHHQFLDV \ HV HQ IRUPD QDUUDWLYD FRPR QRV UHSUHVHQWDPRVQXHVWUDH[SHULHQFLD/D LPSRUWDQFLD GH ORV UHODWRV HV GHFLVLYD SDUD OD FRKHVLyQ GH XQ JUXSR \ SDUD OD HVWUXFWXUDFLyQ GH OD YLGD GH XQ LQGLYLGXR /DPHQWDEOHPHQWH HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG PXFKRV QLxRV \ QLxDV GH QXHVWUDV VRFLHGDGHV HVWiQ GHYRUDQGR GHVGH PX\ SHTXHxRV LQQXPHUDEOHV UHODWRV D WUDYpV GH OD WHOHYLVLyQ TXH KDQ VLGR ODQ]DGRV DO PHUFDGR FRQ HO ~QLFR REMHWLYR GH DOLPHQWDU \ SHUSHWXDU OD VRFLHGDGGHFRQVXPR o8QSDÇVFX\RVKDELWDQWHV QROHHQROHHQHVFDVR HVP»VYXOQHUDEOHDOHQJDËRp )HUPtQ%RFRV

9DOH OD SHQD FXHVWLRQDUQRV TXp WLSR GH SHUVRQDV SURPXHYHQ ORV PRGHORV WHOHYLVLYRV\SXEOLFLWDULRV\ORVFRQRFLGRV MXHJRV GH YLGHR  ¢'LUtDPRV TXH SURPXHYHQ SHUVRQDV LQGLYLGXDOLVWDV R VROLGDULDVFRPSHWLWLYDVRFRRSHUDWLYDV LPSXOVLYDVRUHIOH[LYDV"¢3HUVRQDVTXH ~QLFDPHQWHSHUVLJXHQHOp[LWRSHUVRQDO R HO ELHQHVWDU GH OD FRPXQLGDG" ¢'HUURFKDGRUDVRDXVWHUDVLQGLIHUHQWHV RVHQVLEOHVGHVSLDGDGDVRFRPSDVLYDV YLROHQWDV R SDFtILFDV" ¢3UHGRPLQD OD GLVFULPLQDFLyQ\HOVH[LVPRHQORVPHGLRV GH PDVLYRV LQIRUPDFLyQ R OD HTXLGDG HQWUH KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV HO UHVSHWR D ODVGLIHUHQFLDVHOGLiORJRLQWHUFXOWXUDO"

&DStWXOR

)UHQWHDOLQPHQVRSRGHUGHORVPHGLRV PDVLYRVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\VXVHVWUDWHJLDV SHUVXDVLYDV HV FRPSUHQVLEOH TXH ODV \ ORVHGXFDGRUHVQRVVLQWDPRVGHVYDOLGRV H LPSRWHQWHV SDUD LPSHGLU VX GLIXVLyQ VX LQIOXHQFLD QHJDWLYD \ HQ GHILQLWLYD VX GRPLQDFLyQ VREUH ODV PHQWHV \ FRUD]RQHV GH OD QLxH] \ OD MXYHQWXG 6LQHPEDUJRHOFRPSURPLVRGHIRUPDU FLXGDGDQRV \ FLXGDGDQDV OLEUHV \ FRQ YDORUHV KXPDQRV HV LUUHQXQFLDEOH SRU HOOR KHPRV GH LGHQWLILFDU HQ OD OHFWXUD FUtWLFD XQ FDPLQR TXH VL ELHQ QR YD D GHWHQHU OD DYDODQFKD GH PHQVDMHV QHJDWLYRV TXH UHFLEHQ OD QLxH] \ OD MXYHQWXGGHODWHOHYLVLyQODSXEOLFLGDG\ ORVMXHJRVGHYLGHRVtSXHGHRIUHFHUOHV HVWUDWHJLDV SDUD HQIUHQWDUORV  6H WUDWD GH DSUHQGHU D GHVYHODU VX FRQWHQLGR \ VX LQWHQFLRQDOLGDG SDUD GDU SDVR D HOHFFLRQHVOLEUHV

/DFRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUD

IRUPDV GH VHU KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV D UHHGXFDU QXHVWUR PXQGR LQWHULRU GH DIHFWRV \ VHQWLPLHQWRV D DSUHQGHU QXHYDV IRUPDV GH YLYLU QXHVWUDV UHODFLRQHVIDPLOLDUHV\VRFLDOHV 1DGDPHMRUTXHXQSHUtRGRGHOHFWXUD SDUDDSUHQGHUDH[SRQHUDUJXPHQWDU \ PRGLILFDU ORV SURSLRV SXQWRV GH YLVWD SDUD DSUHQGHU D GLDORJDU UHIOH[LYDPHQWH SDUD DSUHQGHU HQ GHILQLWLYDDFRQVWUXLUFROHFWLYDPHQWHHO FRQRFLPLHQWR /DV DFWLYLGDGHV SDUD GHVDUUROODU OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD HQ OD HVFXHOD KDQ GH SHUPLWLUTXHDOXPQRV\DOXPQDVWRPHQOD SDODEUDSXHVODOHFWXUD\VXDQ»OLVLVSXHGH VHU XQ YHKÇFXOR GH HPDQFLSDFLÍQ LQGLYLGXDO \FROHFWLYD -RYHU

¿Está de acuerdo con lo que se expone respecto al poder de los medios masivos de información? ¿Por qué? )UHQWH D OD SXEOLFLGDG OD WHOHYLVLyQ HO FLQH HWF GHEHPRV RIUHFHU D OD QLxH] \ OD MXYHQWXG KHUUDPLHQWDV HIHFWLYDV SDUD TXH XQD YH] IXHUD GH ODV DXODV SXHGDQ VHU OHFWRUHV FUtWLFRV \DXWyQRPRVGHWRGRVHVWRV PHQVDMHV TXH FRQ XQDV HVWUDWHJLDV GH VHGXFFLyQ ILQDPHQWH HODERUDGDV S U H W H Q G H Q  F R Q I R U P D U QXHVWUD PLUDGD VREUH HO PXQGRSUHWHQGHQPROGHDU QXHVWURPRGRGHVHU\HVWDU HQpO /D OHFWXUD GHEH DSR\DUQRV HQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHQXHYDV



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

6H WUDWD GH IRUPDU OHFWRUHV FUtWLFRV \ DXWyQRPRV SXHV ORV DSUHQGL]DMHV YDQ D LQFLGLU HQ OD YLGD GH FDGD XQR \ QR VyORHQVXOLEUHWDGHFDOLILFDFLRQHV

3UDFWLFDUXQQXHYR WLSRGHFLXGDGDQtD

¢4Xp VLJQLILFD HQFDPLQDUQRV D WUDYpV GH OD OHFWXUD KDFLD OD IRUPDFLyQ HQ XQDQXHYDFLXGDGDQtDHQ*XDWHPDOD" 6LJQLILFDGHVDSUHQGHUYLHMDVIRUPDVGH HQWHQGHU DO SDtV IRUPDV GH HQWHQGHU D VXV KDELWDQWHV LQFOXLGRV QRVRWURV PLVPRV\IRUPDVGHYLYLUFRQORVGHPiV 5HTXLHUH GHVFXEULU \ FRPSUHQGHU HQ FDGD JXDWHPDOWHFR \ JXDWHPDOWHFD LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH VX RULJHQ FRQGLFLyQ R VLWXDFLyQ XQ FRQMXQWR GH GHUHFKRV\REOLJDFLRQHVTXHQRVH[LJHQ FDPELDUODVRFLHGDGTXHWHQHPRV\OD IRUPDHQTXHQRVUHODFLRQDPRV 8QRGHORVFDPELRVHQHVWDIRUPDGH YHU D ORV GHPiV \ D QRVRWURV PLVPRV TXH FRQOOHYD HVWD QXHYD FLXGDGDQtD HV OD PLUDGD TXH WHQHPRV VREUH OD FRQGLFLyQ GH YLGD GH ODV SHUVRQDV /D VRFLHGDG QRV KD HQVHxDGR D YHU FRPR DOJR QRUPDO \ PXFKDV YHFHV D QR TXHUHU YHU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH SREUH]D \ H[WUHPD SREUH]D HQ TXH VRQ REOLJDGDV D YLYLU PXFKtVLPDV S H U V R Q D V  / D O H F W X U D Q R V G H E H D\XGDUDGHVDSUHQGHUODLQGLIHUHQFLD \  D  D S U H Q G H U  O D  L Q G L J Q D F L y Q FRPSURPHWLGD HVD LQGLJQDFLyQ TXH QRV OOHYD D EXVFDU DFFLRQHV GH FDPELR ©+R\ ORV (VWDGRV KDQ FHGLGR SRGHU D IDYRU GH ORV PHUFDGRV \ VRQ pVWRV ORV TXHYLHQHQGLFWDQGRORVFRQRFLPLHQWRV FRQTXHKDQGHFRQWDUORVWUDEDMDGRUHV GHO PDxDQD  (O QHROLEHUDOLVPR KD LGR JDQDQGRWHUUHQRYRUD]PHQWHGHVGHORV DxRVQRYHQWDKDVWDLPSUHJQDUWRGDV\ FDGDXQDGHODVHVWUXFWXUDVHGXFDWLYDV (Q ODV ~OWLPDV GpFDGDV OD HVFXHOD KD 

GHMDGR GH YHUVH FRPR XQ SUR\HFWR VRFLDO\SROtWLFRGHODUJRDOFDQFHSDUD FRQFHELUVHHQPXFKRVFDVRVFRPRXQD IiEULFDGHPDQRGHREUDPiVRPHQRV EDUDWDPiVRPHQRVFXDOLILFDGD\HQ OD TXH FDGD FOLHQWH IDPLOLD SXHGH HVFRJHU HO SURGXFWR PiV DFRUGH FRQ VX EROVLOOR \ HVWDWXVª 7RUUHV  HQ -RYHUREFLW (VWH SUR\HFWR VRFLDO \ SROtWLFR TXH HV FRPR HQWHQGHPRV OD HGXFDFLyQ KD GH FRQVLGHUDU OD GLYHUVLGDG GH ODV VRFLHGDGHV FRPR SODQWHD 7RUUHV HQ-RYHUREFLW ©6LODGLYHUVLGDG FXOWXUDO HV XQ OHJDGR YDOLRVR ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HVFRODUHV WLHQHQ TXH FRODERUDU HQ VX PDQWHQLPLHQWR QHFHVLWDQ LQFRUSRUDU HVWD SOXUDOLGDG FXOWXUDO HQ ORV FRQWHQLGRV FXUULFXODUHV TXHVHWUDEDMDQHQODVDXODV\FHQWURV HVFRODUHVª  'H OR FRQWUDULR SHUVLVWLUi XQD VLWXDFLyQ GH LQMXVWLFLD FXUULFXODU HQ OD TXH XQRV JUXSRV WLHQHQ OD RSRUWXQLGDG GH WUDQVPLWLU VX FXOWXUD D WUDYpVGHODHGXFDFLyQSHURVHREOLJD D RWURV D DVXPLU VHxDV GH LGHQWLGDG TXH OHV VRQ DMHQDV QHJDQGR DVt VXV GHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV /RV QLxRV \ QLxDV DSUHQGHQ OR TXH KDFHQHQODVDXODV\VLORTXHDSUHQGHQ HV TXH ORV SXHEORV LQGtJHQDV WLHQHQ TXHDVLPLODUODFXOWXUDGHODSREODFLyQ PHVWL]D \ TXH HO EDJDMH FXOWXUDO GH VXV SDGUHV PDGUHV \ DEXHORVHVLUUHOHYDQWH ¿Qué opina sobre el GH QDGD VHUYLUi TXH papel de la lectura OXHJR VH OHV KDEOH GH en la formación de la ciudadanía? ©LQWHUFXOWXUDOLGDGª $GHPiV GH HVWD FLXGDGDQtD LQWHUFXOWXUDO QHFHVLWDPRV XQ QXHYR WLSR GH FLXGDGDQtD TXH GHVPRQWH ODV GHVLJXDOGDGHV HQWUH KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV XQD FLXGDGDQtD FRQVFLHQWH GHTXHOD7LHUUDHVXQDQDYHGHUHFXUVRV

&DStWXOR

OLPLWDGRV H LQMXVWDPHQWH UHSDUWLGRV XQD FLXGDGDQtD FRQVWUXLGD VREUH OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH WRGRV \ FDGD XQR HQODHVIHUDGHORS~EOLFR KQBPABIBBO BK@BKABOI>IRW &RPR KDEUi SRGLGR FRPSUREDU FRQ OD DFWLYLGDG DQWHULRU DQWHV GH OHHU QXHVWUD PHQWH UHDOL]D XQD VHULH GH DFWLYLGDGHV TXH QRV SHUPLWHQ HQWUDU DO WH[WR FRQ OD OX] HQFHQGLGD  (V GHFLU HPSH]DU D OHHU FRQ XQD LGHD D YHFHV YDJD D YHFHV SUHFLVD SHUR XQD LGHD DO ILQ VREUH OR TXH SXHGH KDEHUGHQWURGHOWH[WRTXHOHHUHPRV\VREUH ORTXHQHFHVLWDPRVHQFRQWUDUHQpO



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

(PLOLR6iQFKH]0LJXHOXQLQYHVWLJDGRU PX\UHFRQRFLGRHQPDWHULDGHOHFWXUD FRPSUHQVLYD \ DO TXH FLWDUHPRV FRQ IUHFXHQFLD HQ HVWH OLEUR H[SOLFD TXH OHHUVLQFRPSUHQGHUHTXLYDOHDFDPLQDU DRVFXUDV &RPR DEULU XQD SXHUWD \ HQWUDU HQ XQD KDELWDFLyQ VLQ WHQHU QLQJXQD H[SHFWDWLYD FRQFUHWD \ UHFRQRFHU VHJ~QDYDQ]DPRVXQDVLOODOXHJRRWUD \RWUDPiVDOOiXQDPHVDGHVSXpVXQD YHQWDQD \ GH UHSHQWH DO IRQGR XQD SL]DUUD«/RVOHFWRUHVFRPSHWHQWHVSRU HO FRQWUDULR VDEHQ GH DQWHPDQR TXH ODSXHUWDTXHDEUHQHVODSXHUWDGHXQ DXOD  1R VDEHQ VL HV XQ DXOD JUDQGH RSHTXHxDGHHVFXHODRXQLYHUVLGDG SHUR HVSHUDQ HQFRQWUDU VLOODV PHVDV R HVFULWRULRV XQD SL]DUUD DXQTXH QR VHSDQ TXp WLSR GH VLOODV HVFULWRULRV R SL]DUUDV   (YLGHQWHPHQWH WDQWR ORV TXH DYDQ]DQ D RVFXUDV FRPR ORV TXH ORKDFHQDODOX]GHVXVFRQRFLPLHQWRV S U H Y L R V SX H G H Q  LG H Q WLI LF D U  OR V HOHPHQWRV FRQFUHWRV TXH HQFXHQWUDQ ODV VLOODV ODV ¿Qué semejanza PHVDV OD YHQWDQD \ OD encuentra entre SL]DUUD SHUR XQRV WLHQHQ lo que dice Emilio XQD LPDJHQ PHQWDO VREUH Sánchez y lo que ocurre cuando lee? OR TXH HQFRQWUDUiQ \ ORV RWURVQR 6iQFKH] 6LJXLHQGRFRQHOHMHPSORGH6iQFKH] HV SRVLEOH TXH HVD LPDJHQ PHQWDO R PDSD LQWHUQR TXH RULHQWD QXHVWURV SDVRV VHD HTXLYRFDGD  (Q HVH FDVR EXVFDUHPRV FRVDV TXH QR SRGUHPRV HQFRQWUDU \ ODV TXH HQFRQWUHPRV QR VDEUHPRVGyQGHFRORFDUODVHQQXHVWUD PHQWH EXVFDPRV VLOODV \ QRV WRSDPRV FRQ EDQFRV \ EDUUDV GH PHWDO HVSHUDPRV PHVDV \ HQFRQWUDPRV DSDUDWRV DO]DPRV OD YLVWD HQ EXVFD GHXQDSL]DUUD\ORTXHFRQWHPSODPRV HV QXHVWUD SURSLD LPDJHQ HQ XQ JUDQ HVSHMR TXH UHFXEUH HO IRQGR GH OD KDELWDFLyQ  3HQViEDPRV TXH 

HQWUiEDPRV HQ XQ DXOD SHUR HUD XQ JLPQDVLR\QXQFDDQWHVKDEtDPRVYLVWR XQR $OJR PX\ SDUHFLGR D HVWH ~OWLPR HMHPSOR RFXUUH FRQ PXFKRV QLxRV \ QLxDV HQ VX SURFHVR GH OHFWXUD $SUHQGHQ D PRYHUVH GHQWUR GH ORV FXHQWRV\IiEXODVSXHVHQODHVFXHOD OHV HQVHxDPRV TXp KD\ GHQWUR GH HOORV SHUVRQDMHV HYHQWRV DPELHQWH HWF 3HUROXHJRORVODQ]DPRVKDFLD RWUDV KDELWDFLRQHV GHVFRQRFLGDV ORV WH[WRV FLHQWtILFRV \ UHVXOWD TXH HQ HVRVH[WUDxRVOXJDUHVORVQLxRV\QLxDV EXVFDQ D VXV TXHULGRV SHUVRQDMHV DTXHOORV TXH WDQWR GLVIUXWDEDQ SHUR WHUPLQD HO WH[WR \ QR DSDUHFH QL VLTXLHUDXQR7DPSRFRRFXUUHQFRVDV HPRFLRQDQWHV \ DO ILQDO UHVXOWD TXH VLPSOHPHQWH ¿Recuerda alguna QR KDQ HQWHQGLGR QDGD \ experiencia HVH QXHYR OXJDU HO WH[WR LQIRUPDWLYR R FLHQWtILFR OHV similar a KDUHVXOWDGRGHVDJUDGDEOH la que se describe? \RVFXUR /RVHIHFWRVGHHVWHFDPLQDUDRVFXUDVR OHHUVLQFRPSUHQGHUVRQPX\QHJDWLYRV FXDQGRRFXUUHGXUDQWHPXFKRWLHPSR &RPRHOQLxRRQLxDQRFRPSUHQGHOR TXHOHHVXDFWLWXGKDFLDODOHFWXUDVH YXHOYH DSiWLFD H LQGLIHUHQWH  &RPR WRGR HVWi RVFXUR FRPR QR VDEH TXp SXHGH HQFRQWUDU GHQWUR GHO WH[WR QL FyPR OR SXHGH XVDU VX DFWLWXG KDFLD OD OHFWXUD VH YXHOYH LQGLIHUHQWH QDGD GHORTXHOHDWHQGUiXQDLPSRUWDQFLD HVSHFLDO SDUD pO R HOOD  &XDQGR HVWR VXFHGHHOQLxRRODQLxDVHDFRVWXPEUD D©OHHUSRUOHHUªHVGHFLUPLHQWUDVOHH VX PHQWH QR HVWi DFWLYD QR EXVFD ©FRVDVª SDUD FRPSUHQGHU HO PHQVDMH R HO VLJQLILFDGR GHO WH[WR VLQR VX PHQWH PDUFKD FRQ ORV RMRV FHUUDGRV FRQFHQWUDGD HQ VDOLU OR DQWHV SRVLEOH GH HVD RVFXULGDG WUDWDQGR GH TXH

(OSURFHVROHFWRU

&DStWXOR

VHHVFXFKHERQLWRORTXHOHHSHURVLQ WUDWDUGHFRPSUHQGHU5HQXQFLDQDOD E~VTXHGDGHOVLJQLILFDGR ¢+D SRGLGR REVHUYDU HVWD DFWLWXG KDFLD OD OHFWXUD HQ DOJXQRV QLxRV \ QLxDV"  1RVRWURV OD HQFRQWUDPRV ODPHQWDEOHPHQWH HQ PXFKtVLPRV FDVRV LQFOXVR HQ VH[WR SULPDULD \ HQ EiVLFRV/HHQXQWH[WRLQFOXVRFRQXQD YHORFLGDG\IOXLGH]DFHSWDEOHSHURDO ILQDO QR VRQ FDSDFHV GH H[SOLFDU GH TXpVHWUDWDEDQLFXiOHVHUDQODVLGHDV SULQFLSDOHV/HHQFRQODOX]DSDJDGD (O UHWR GH OD HQVHxDQ]D GH OD OHFWXUD FRPSUHQVLYD HV RIUHFHU D ORV QLxRV QLxDV \ MyYHQHV ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRV \ ODV HVWUDWHJLDV TXH OHV SHUPLWDQ UHFRQRFHU ORV GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV GH WH[WRV \ HQWUDU HQ HOORV FRQ OD OX] HQFHQGLGD (VDV HVWUDWHJLDV \ RWUDV LJXDOPHQWH LPSRUWDQWHV ODV YHUHPRV PiVDGHODQWH

?

!RO>KQBI>IB@QRO>  @LIB@Q>OBPBK@F>P

&XDQGR VH LQJUHVD DO WH[WR FRQ OD OX] HQFHQGLGD OD DFWLYLGDG PHQWDO GH ORV EXHQRV OHFWRUHV HVWi GHGLFDGD D OD VHOHFFLyQGHODLQIRUPDFLyQFODYHSDUD FRQVWUXLUHOVLJQLILFDGRGHOWH[WR 6L VHJXLPRV FRPSDUDQGR OD OHFWXUD FRQ OD DQDORJtD GH FDPLQDU SRU XQD KDELWDFLyQGXUDQWHODOHFWXUDQRVWRFD EXVFDUGHQWURGHODKDELWDFLyQFLHUWRV REMHWRV TXH UHVXOWDQ HVHQFLDOHV SDUD HVHWLSRGHKDELWDFLyQ\WRPDUOHVXQD IRWRHQQXHVWUDPHQWH %XVFDU ORV HOHPHQWRV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV PLHQWUDV OHHPRV HV XQD QHFHVLGDG SRUTXH QR SRGHPRV UHFRUGDU WRGR HO WH[WRFDGDLGHD1XHVWURFHUHEURWLHQH TXH VHOHFFLRQDU DOJXQRV VHJPHQWRV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ \ FRQ HOORV HODERUDU HO VLJQLILFDGRGHWRGRHOWH[WR

(VWDVHOHFFLyQGHORVHOHPHQWRVFODYHV SDUD FRPSUHQGHU XQ WH[WR VH OOHYD D FDERDWUDYpVGHXQDVHULHGHGLiORJRV R FRQYHUVDFLRQHV TXH WHQHPRV FRQ QRVRWURVPLVPRVDQLYHOLQWHULRUPLHQWUDV OHHPRV\VLJXHXQSURFHVREiVLFR  (ODERUDU LGHDV R SURSRVLFLRQHV /R SULPHURHVGHVHQWUDxDUODVOHWUDVODV SDODEUDV \ ODV IUDVHV SDUD HODERUDU FRQ HOODV LGHDV R SURSRVLFLRQHV 3XHGH UHSUHVHQWDUVH HQ HO VLJXLHQWH GLiORJR LQWHULRU ©(VWH SiUUDIR PH KDEODVREUH«\GLFHTXH«ª  6HJXLU OD UHODFLyQ GH LGHDV (VWR LPSOLFD HVWDEOHFHU FLHUWR RUGHQ R KLOR FRQGXFWRU HQWUH ODV LGHDV TXH SUHVHQWDHOHVFULWRDWUDYpVGHFDGD SDUWHGHOPLVPR$HVWRVHOHOODPD SURJUHVLyQ WHPiWLFD \ UHVXOWD PX\ LPSRUWDQWH SDUD SRGHU FDSWDU ODV GLVWLQWDVLGHDVTXHSUHVHQWDHOWH[WR (O GLiORJR LQWHULRU TXH UHSUHVHQWD HVWD DFFLyQ HV ©(O SiUUDIR DQWHULRU WUDWDED GH« DKRUD pVWH WUDWD VREUH«ª $KRUD ELHQ SDUD UHDOL]DU HVWRV WUHV SDVRV VH UHTXLHUH SRQHU HQ PDUFKD XQ FRQMXQWR GH HVWUDWHJLDV TXH DQDOL]DUHPRV PiV GHODQWH GH IRUPD GHWHQLGD

@ !BPMRiPABIBBO  LOABK>OI>JBKQB &XDQGR KHPRV WHUPLQDGR GH OHHU QHFHVLWDPRV RUJDQL]DU HQ QXHVWUD PHQWH HVDV LPiJHQHV R HVHQFLDV TXH KHPRV UHFRJLGR GXUDQWH OD OHFWXUD 3DUD HOOR GHEHPRV KDFHU XQ UHVXPHQ PHQWDO (V XQ GLiORJR LQWHULRU HQ HO TXH QRV SUHJXQWDPRV GH TXp WUDWDED OR TXH OHtPRVTXpFRPSUHQGLPRVTXpHUDOR 

$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

PiV LPSRUWDQWH TXp SHQVDPRV GH OR TXHOHtPRV

(VWH UHVXPHQ PHQWDO GHEH SHUPLWLU FRQHFWDU ODV LGHDV SULQFLSDOHV TXH IXLPRV LGHQWLILFDQGR R HODERUDQGR GXUDQWHODOHFWXUD6LQHVWDYLQFXODFLyQ GHLGHDVRSURSRVLFLRQHVQRHVSRVLEOH FRQVWUXLUHOVLJQLILFDGRJOREDOGHOWH[WR \QRVTXHGDPRVFRQ©SLH]DVVXHOWDVªR ©SHGD]RVªVLQYHUODWRWDOLGDG 3DUD IDFLOLWDU HVWRV SURFHVRV OD FRQH[LyQGHLGHDV\ODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHO VLJQLILFDGRJOREDOGHOWH[WRUHVXOWDQGH JUDQXWLOLGDGORVRUJDQL]DGRUHVJUiILFRV (VWRVHVTXHPDVRGLEXMRVSHUPLWHQ ‡ 'LULJLUODDWHQFLyQ\HODQiOLVLV KDFLD ORV DVSHFWRV IXQGDPHQWDOHV GHO WH[WR ‡ 5HODFLRQDU ODV LGHDV SULQFLSDOHV GHO WH[WR ‡ &RPSUHQGHU HO VLJQLILFDGR JOREDO GHOWH[WR ‡ 0 H M R U D U  H O  U H F X H U G R  G H  O D LQIRUPDFLyQPiVUHOHYDQWH 5HVXPHQGHORTXHLPSOLFDFRPSUHQGHUXQWH[WR

$VXPLUXQDDFWLWXGGHE~VTXHGD

'HFRGLILFDUSDODEUDVHVFULWDV

(ODERUDULGHDVRSURSRVLFLRQHV

6HJXLUODUHODFLyQGHLGHDV

&RQHFWDUODVLGHDV

&RQVWUXLUXQUHVXPHQPHQWDO



$FWLYLGDGHMHPSOR /H SURSRQHPRV SRQHU HQ SUiFWLFD ORV SURFHVRV TXH KHPRV PHQFLRQDGR FRQ XQ WH[WR FRQFUHWR  (O REMHWLYR HV TXH XVWHG ORJUH H[SHULPHQWDU \ WRPDU FRQFLHQFLD GH FDGD XQD GH ODV HWDSDV GHO SURFHVR OHFWRU

Antes de comenzar a leer: 2EVHUYH ~QLFDPHQWH HO WtWXOR VLQ OHHU HO FRQWHQLGR GH ORV SiUUDIRV \ UHVSRQGD ODV VLJXLHQWHVSUHJXQWDV ¢'HTXpFUHHTXHYDDWUDWDU" ¢4Xp WLSR GH LQIRUPDFLyQ SXHGH FRQWHQHU"

Durante la lectura: $KRUD OH LQYLWDPRV D OHHU HO WH[WR SHUR WUDWDQGRGHLGHQWLILFDUODVSDODEUDVHLGHDV FODYHV SDUD OR TXH SXHGH VXEUD\DUODV R HVFULELUODVHQHOPDUJHQ

(OSURFHVROHFWRU

&DStWXOR

/RVPDPtIHURV /RV PDPtIHURV KDQ WHQLGR XQ JUDQ p[LWR DGDSWDWLYR 6RQORVDQLPDOHVPiVH[WHQGLGRVSRUWRGRHOSODQHWD 6RQ WDPELpQ ORV TXH PHMRU KDQ UHVLVWLGR ORV PiV YDULDGRVDPELHQWHV\FRQORVLQVHFWRVVRQORVDQLPDOHV PiVQXPHURVRVGHFXDQWRVKDELWDQODWLHUUD +D\YDULDVUD]RQHVTXHH[SOLFDQHVWHp[LWR/DSULPHUD FDXVD UHVLGH HQ TXH ORV PDPtIHURV WLHQHQ XQ JUDQ FXLGDGRGHVXVFUtDV'HWDOPDQHUDTXHODVSURWHJHQ GHORVGHSUHGDGRUHVVHRFXSDQGHVXDOLPHQWDFLyQ HLQFOXVRODVLQVWUX\HQ/DVFUtDVHVWiQEDMRODWXWHOD GHVXVSURJHQLWRUHVKDVWDTXHSXHGHQVREUHYLYLUSRU VtPLVPDV'HHVWDIRUPDORVPDPtIHURVFRQVLJXHQOD FRQWLQXLGDGGHVXHVSHFLHDORODUJRGHOWLHPSR 2WUR IDFWRU H[SOLFDWLYR UHVLGH HQ HO H[WUDRUGLQDULR GHVDUUROOR GH VX FHUHEUR TXH OHV SHUPLWH DSUHQGHU GHODH[SHULHQFLD\FRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDDGDSWDUVH PHMRUTXHHOUHVWRGHORVDQLPDOHVDORVFDPELRVGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH(OVHUKXPDQRHVXQEXHQ HMHPSORGHHVWDFDSDFLGDGGHDGDSWDFLyQ )LQDOPHQWH RWUD GH ODV UD]RQHV GHO p[LWR GH ORV PDPtIHURV HV VX FDSDFLGDG SDUD PDQWHQHU FRQVWDQWHODWHPSHUDWXUDLQWHUQDGHVXFXHUSR+DJDIUtRRFDORUHQHOH[WHULRUODWHPSHUDWXUDGHO FXHUSRGHORVPDPtIHURVHVFRQVWDQWHHQWUHƒ\ƒ$VtHQFRQWUDPRVPDPtIHURVHQHOGHVLHUWR FRPRHOFDPHOORHQHOSRORFRPRHORVRSRODUHQHOIRQGRGHORVRFpDQRVFDVRGHOFDFKDORWH GHEDMRGHODWLHUUDFRPRORVWRSRVRHQODVDOWXUDVGHPiVGHPHWURVFDVRGHO\DNHQHO 7tEHW2WUDVFODVHVGHDQLPDOHVFRPRHVHOFDVRGHORVUHSWLOHV\DQILELRVVyORSXHGHQYLYLUHQ GHWHUPLQDGDVFRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV 7RPDGRGH6iQFKH]REFLW

(VPRPHQWRGHHODERUDULGHDVRSURSRVLFLRQHVSDUDHOOROHLQYLWDPRVDDQDOL]DUHOSULPHUSiUUDIR REVHUYH /RV PDPtIHURV KDQ WHQLGR XQ JUDQ p[LWR DGDSWDWLYR  /RV PDPtIHURV VRQ ORV DQLPDOHV PiV H[WHQGLGRVSRUWRGRHOSODQHWD6RQWDPELpQORVTXHPHMRUKDQUHVLVWLGRORVPiVYDULDGRV DPELHQWHV\FRQORVLQVHFWRVORVDQLPDOHVPiVQXPHURVRVGHFXDQWRVKDELWDQODWLHUUD $SDUWLUGHODVSDODEUDVFODYHVTXHKHPRVLGHQWLILFDGRSRGHPRVHQFRQWUDUODLGHDSULQFLSDOGHO SiUUDIRRHODERUDUOD HQHVWHFDVRKHPRVWHQLGRTXHHODERUDUOD REVHUYH /RVPDPtIHURVKDQWHQLGRXQJUDQp[LWRDGDSWDWLYR\DTXHHVWiQSRUWRGRHOSODQHWDUHVLVWHQ YDULDGRVDPELHQWHV\VRQPX\QXPHURVRV /HDRWUDYH]´/RVPDPtIHURVµ\DQRWHHQXQDKRMDHOWHPD\ODLGHDSULQFLSDOGHFDGDSiUUDIR



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

&RPSDUHODVDQRWDFLRQHVTXHKL]RFRQODVTXHKHPRVKHFKRHQHOVLJXLHQWHFXDGUR 1RVHSUHRFXSHVLVXVUHVSXHVWDVQRVRQH[DFWDPHQWHLJXDOHVSXHVXQPLVPRWHPD SXHGHH[SUHVDUVHGHPXFKDVIRUPDV &RQIRUPH DYDQFH REVHUYH OD SURJUHVLyQ WHPiWLFD HV GHFLU FyPR HO WH[WR YD SDVDQGR GH XQ VXEWHPD D RWUR SXHV DXQTXH WRGD OD OHFWXUD WUDWD GH XQ PLVPR WHPDSULQFLSDOFDGDSiUUDIRDERUGDXQVXEWHPDHVSHFtILFRUHODFLRQDGRFRQHO SULQFLSDO ¢'HTXpWUDWDHVWH SiUUDIR"

¢4XpHVORPiVLPSRUWDQWH TXHGLFHVREUHHOWHPD"

/RVPDPtIHURV 2PHMRU e[LWR DGDSWDWLYR GH ORV PDPtIHURV

/RV PDPtIHURV KDQ WHQLGR XQ JUDQ p[LWR DGDSWDWLYR \D TXH HVWiQ SRU WRGR HO SODQHWD UHVLVWHQ YDULDGRV DPELHQWHV \ VRQ PX\ QXPHURVRV

+D\YDULDVUD]RQHVTXHH[SOLFDQHVWH p[LWR/DSULPHUDFDXVDUHVLGHHQTXH ORVPDPtIHURVWLHQHQXQJUDQFXLGDGR GH VXV FUtDV  'H WDO PDQHUD TXH ODV SURWHJHQ GH ORV GHSUHGDGRUHV VH RFXSDQGHVXDOLPHQWDFLyQHLQFOXVR ODV LQVWUX\HQ  /DV FUtDV HVWiQ EDMR OD WXWHODGHVXVSURJHQLWRUHVKDVWDTXH SXHGHQVREUHYLYLUSRUVtPLVPDV'H HVWD IRUPD ORV PDPtIHURV FRQVLJXHQ OD FRQWLQXLGDG GH VX HVSHFLH D OR ODUJRGHOWLHPSR

(OFXLGDGRGHODVFUtDV

(O p[LWR GH ORV PDPtIHURV VH GHEH D OD PDQHUD HQ TXH FXLGDQ D VXV FUtDV DVHJXUDQGRODFRQWLQXLGDG GHVXHVSHFLH

2WUR IDFWRU H[SOLFDWLYR UHVLGH HQ HO H[WUDRUGLQDULR GHVDUUROOR GH VX FHUHEURTXHOHVSHUPLWHDSUHQGHUGH ODH[SHULHQFLD\FRPRFRQVHFXHQFLD DGDSWDUVH PHMRU TXH HO UHVWR GH ORV DQLPDOHV D ORV FDPELRV GHO PHGLR DPELHQWH(OVHUKXPDQRHVXQEXHQ HMHPSOR GH HVWD FDSDFLGDG GH DGDSWDFLyQ

'HVDUUROORGHOFHUHEUR

2WUDUD]yQHVHOGHVDUUROOR GHO FHUHEUR TXH OHV SHUPLWH DSUHQGHU \ DGDSWDUVHPHMRU

/RVPDPtIHURV /RV PDPtIHURV KDQ WHQLGR XQ JUDQ p[LWR DGDSWDWLYR  /RV PDPtIHURV VRQORVDQLPDOHVPiVH[WHQGLGRVSRU WRGRHOSODQHWD6RQWDPELpQORVTXH PHMRU KDQ UHVLVWLGR ORV PiV YDULDGRV DPELHQWHV \ FRQ ORV LQVHFWRV ORV DQLPDOHVPiVQXPHURVRVGHFXDQWRV KDELWDQODWLHUUD



(OSURFHVROHFWRU

&DStWXOR

)LQDOPHQWH RWUD GH ODV UD]RQHV GHO p[LWR GH ORV PDPtIHURV HV VX FDSDFLGDGSDUDPDQWHQHUFRQVWDQWH ODWHPSHUDWXUDLQWHUQDGHVXFXHUSR +DJD IUtR R FDORU HQ HO H[WHULRU OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO FXHUSR GH ORV PDPtIHURV HV FRQVWDQWH HQWUH ƒ \ ƒ  $Vt HQFRQWUDPRV PDPtIHURV HQ HO GHVLHUWR FRPR HO FDPHOOR HQ HO SRORFRPRHORVRSRODUHQHOIRQGR GHORVRFpDQRVFDVRGHOFDFKDORWH GHEDMRGHODWLHUUDFRPRORVWRSRVR HQODVDOWXUDVGHPiVGHPHWURV FDVRGHO\DNHQHO7tEHW2WUDVFODVHV GH DQLPDOHV FRPR HV HO FDVR GH ORV UHSWLOHV \ DQILELRV VyOR SXHGHQ YLYLU HQ GHWHUPLQDGDV FRQGLFLRQHV DPELHQWDOHV

¢'HTXpWUDWDHVWH SiUUDIR"

¢4XpHVORPiVLPSRUWDQWH TXHGLFHVREUHHOWHPD"

7HPSHUDWXUD LQWHUQD GHO FXHUSR 2WDPELpQ 7HPSHUDWXUDFRUSRUDO

2WUD UD]yQ HV TXH PDQWLHQHQODWHPSHUDWXUD FRUSRUDO\DVtSXHGHQYLYLU HQWRGRVORVKiELWDWV

2EVHUYH HO KLOR FRQGXFWRU R SURJUHVLyQ WHPiWLFD GHO WH[WR  (O SULPHU SiUUDIR KDEODVREUHORVPDPtIHURV\VXp[LWRDGDSWDWLYRSXHVHVHODVXQWRGHOTXHWUDWD ODPD\RUSDUWHGHRUDFLRQHV $KRUDELHQDOLQLFLDUHOVHJXQGRSiUUDIRVHLQWURGXFHXQQXHYRWHPDHVSHFtILFR SXHV DXQTXH VLJXH KDEODQGR GH ORV PDPtIHURV VH UHILHUH DO ©FXLGDGR GH ODV FUtDVª(OWHUFHURFRPSDUWHHOPLVPRWHPDJHQHUDO ORVPDPtIHURV SHURVHFHQWUD HQXQDVSHFWRHVSHFtILFR©HOGHVDUUROORGHOFHUHEURª(OFXDUWR\~OWLPRSiUUDIR KDFHDOXVLyQDOD©WHPSHUDWXUDFRUSRUDOª $OLGHQWLILFDUORVWHPDVHVSHFtILFRVRVXEWHPDVGHFDGDSiUUDIRYDVXUJLHQGROD LGHDGHTXHHOWHPDSULQFLSDOGHODOHFWXUDSRVLEOHPHQWHQRVHD©ORVPDPtIHURVª \D TXH SXHGH UHVXOWDU PX\ JHQHUDO  &RQIRUPH YDPRV FRQHFWDQGR ODV LGHDV SULQFLSDOHV GH FDGD SiUUDIR QRV GDPRV FXHQWD TXH WRGDV H[FHSWR OD GHO SULPHURVRQ©FDXVDVGHDOJRªHQWRQFHVQRVSHUFDWDPRVGHTXH©HVHDOJRªHV HOWHPDSULQFLSDOGHWRGDODOHFWXUD©(Op[LWRDGDSWDWLYRGHORVPDPtIHURVª

Después de leer:

$KRUD QHFHVLWDPRV RUGHQDU \ FRQHFWDU ODV LGHDV SULQFLSDOHV SDUD HOOR OH SURSRQHPRV HODERUDU XQ RUJDQL]DGRU JUiILFR HVTXHPD GLDJUDPD FXDGUR VLQySWLFR  HQ HO HVSDFLR GH DEDMR )LQDOPHQWH HVFULED HQ XQ SiUUDIR OD LGHD JOREDOGHWRGRHOWH[WRHQIRUPDGHUHVXPHQ



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

2UJDQL]DGRUJUiILFR

5HVXPHQ



(OSURFHVROHFWRU

&DStWXOR

8QSRVLEOHRUJDQL]DGRUJUiILFRGHOWH[WRGH©/RVPDPtIHURVªSRGUtDVHUHOVLJXLHQWH

&DXVDV

(YLGHQFLDVGHOHIHFWR

&XLGDGR HVSHFLDO GHODVFUtDV

/RVPiVH[WHQGLGRV SRUHOSODQHWD

(IHFWR &HUHEUR GHVDUUROODGRTXH SHUPLWHDSUHQGHU &DSDFLGDG GHPDQWHQHU WHPSHUDWXUD FRUSRUDO

e[LWRDGDSWDWLYR GHORVPDPtIHURV

5HVLVWHQYDULDGRV DPELHQWHV

/RVPiVQXPHURVRV MXQWRDLQVHFWRV

Resumen:

/RV PDPtIHURV KDQ DOFDQ]DGR XQ JUDQ p[LWR DGDSWDWLYR SULQFLSDOPHQWH SRU WUHV UD]RQHV HO FXLGDGR HVSHFLDO TXH WLHQHQ FRQ VXV FUtDV TXH OHV KD VLJQLILFDGR OD FRQWLQXLGDGGHODHVSHFLHHOGHVDUUROORGHVXFHUHEURTXHOHVSHUPLWHDSUHQGHU\ VXFDSDFLGDGGHPDQWHQHUODWHPSHUDWXUDFRUSRUDOFRQVWDQWHSDUDDGDSWDUVHD GLVWLQWRVKiELWDWV $QRWHHQODVVLJXLHQWHVOtQHDVORTXHKDDSUHQGLGRFRQHVWHHMHUFLFLRHMHPSORROR TXHKDOODPDGRVXDWHQFLyQ

Œ.RiC>@QLOBPABQBOJFK>KI>@LJMBQBK@F>IB@QLO> (Q HVWH DSDUWDGR UHYLVDUHPRV ORV DVSHFWRV SULQFLSDOHV TXH GHWHUPLQDQ ODV SRVLELOLGDGHV GH DSUHQGHU D OHHU ELHQ &DGD XQR LQIOX\H GH GLVWLQWD IRUPD HQ ODV DFWLWXGHV \ KDELOLGDGHV OHFWRUDV GH ODV SHUVRQDV  3RU HOOR GHEHPRV WRPDUORV HQ FXHQWD VL TXHUHPRV PHMRUDU QXHVWUD FDSDFLGDG GH OHHU ELHQ \ D\XGDU D RWURV D KDFHUOR



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

> )>JLQFS>@FrK (O LQWHUpV SRU OD OHFWXUD HV XQ IDFWRU PX\ LPSRUWDQWH SDUD DSUHQGHU D OHHU ELHQ  ¢&XiQGR QDFH HO LQWHUpV SRU OD OHFWXUD"¢FyPRVHGHVDUUROODHVHJXVWR SRUKRMHDU\OHHUOLEURV" /DV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV FRQFOX\HQ TXH HO JXVWR SRU OD OHFWXUD VH GHVDUUROOD GH PXFKDV IRUPDV HQ VLWXDFLRQHV GLYHUVDV\DHGDGHVGLIHUHQWHVQRKD\ XQD VROD HGDG SDUD DSDVLRQDUVH SRU OD OHFWXUD VHJ~Q ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH FDGD SHUVRQD VXV H[SHULHQFLDV \ RSRUWXQLGDGHV 6LQ HPEDUJR YDULDV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV FRLQFLGHQ HQ TXH GXUDQWH ORV SULPHURV DxRVPiVRPHQRVGHORVVHLVPHVHVKDVWD ORVVHLVDxRVHVPiVIiFLOFUHDUXQYtQFXOR DIHFWLYRHQWUHODVSHUVRQDV\ORVOLEURV (VWHYtQFXORDIHFWLYRTXHVHGHVDUUROODHQ ODSULPHUDLQIDQFLDKDFLDODOHFWXUD\TXH JHQHUDOPHQWH\DQRVHURPSHDORODUJR GHODYLGDVHSURGXFHFXDQGRORVSDGUHV \PDGUHVOHHQDORVQLxRV\QLxDVFXHQWRV IiEXODV \ OH\HQGDV HQ XQ DPELHQWH GH DPRU  6RQ HVRV PRPHQWRV PiJLFRV HQ TXH SDSi R PDPi WRPD XQ OLEUR \ FXHQWD XQ FXHQWR PRVWUDQGR DIHFWR DO QLxR R QLxD MXJDQGR GLVIUXWDQGR OD KLVWRULDPRWLYDQGRVXLPDJLQDFLyQFRQODV LOXVWUDFLRQHV\VXVJHVWRVFKLVWRVRVGDQGR RSRUWXQLGDG D TXH HO QLxR MXHJXH D OHHU HO OLEUR D ORV SHTXHxRV OHV JXVWD ©KDFHU FRPRTXHOHHQª\QDUUDUHOFXHQWR

¿Viene a su mente alguna experiencia que se relacione con lo que se describe respecto al vínculo afectivo con la lectura?

(VRV PRPHQWRV PiJLFRV VH JUDEDQ HQ FDGD SHUVRQD \ JHQHUDOPHQWH SURYRFDQ XQDDWUDFFLyQSRUODOHFWXUD TXHSHUGXUDKDVWDORV~OWLPRV DxRVGHODYLGD



(Q QXHVWUR SDtV OD SUiFWLFD GH HVWLPXODU ODOHFWXUDDWHPSUDQDHGDGHQHOKRJDU VH YH OLPLWDGD SRU YDULDV UD]RQHV DOWRV QLYHOHV GH DQDOIDEHWLVPR DEVROXWR R IXQFLRQDO  OD VLWXDFLyQ GH SREUH]D \ SREUH]D H[WUHPD HQ TXH YLYH PiV GH OD PLWDG GH OD SREODFLyQ FRPSUDU XQ OLEUR HTXLYDOHDQRFRPHUHVHGtDHQPXFKRV KRJDUHV HOSRFRLQWHUpVGHO(VWDGR\VXV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HQPXFKRVSDtVHVGHOPXQGR H[LVWHQ ELEOLRWHFDV SRSXODUHV HQ FDGD FRPXQLGDG  \ OD SURJUHVLYD LQYDVLyQ GH ODWHOHYLVLyQHQQXHVWUDVYLGDVHQQXHVWURV KRJDUHV \ HVSDFLRV IDPLOLDUHV OD WHOH HQWUHWLHQHDORVQLxRV\QLxDV\VXVWLWX\HORV PRPHQWRVGHOHFWXUD  (VWDVVRQDOJXQDVGHODVUD]RQHVSRUODVTXH QXHVWURSDtVQRHVXQSDtVGHOHFWRUHV (Q PXFKDV FRPXQLGDGHV UXUDOHV OD HVWLPXODFLyQ GH ORV QLxRV \ QLxDV VH OOHYD DFDERDWUDYpVGHODRUDOLGDG(VGHFLU VHOHVLQWURGXFHDOPDUDYLOORVRPXQGRGH ODQDUUDWLYDSHURGHIRUPDRUDODWUDYpV GHORVFXHQWRVKLVWRULDV\OH\HQGDVGHORV DEXHORV ODV WtDV ORV SULPRV« PAFCBOBK@F>P FKAFSFAR>IBPV@LIB@QFS>P

/DVSDUWLFXODULGDGHVGHFDGDQLxRQLxD R MRYHQ DIHFWDQ HO ULWPR \ OD PDQHUD GH DOFDQ]DU OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD /DV RSRUWXQLGDGHV TXH KDQ WHQLGR HQ VXVKRJDUHVGHHQWUDUHQFRQWDFWRFRQ ODOHFWXUDPDUFDUiQGLIHUHQFLDVIXHUWHV GHODPLVPDPDQHUDTXHVXVLQWHUHVHV\ KDELOLGDGHVJHQHUDOHV (VWDV GLIHUHQFLDV LQGLYLGXDOHV KDUiQ TXH SRU HMHPSOR DOJXQRV DOFDQFHQ DQWHV FLHUWD YHORFLGDG GH OHFWXUD \

(OSURFHVROHFWRU

&DStWXOR

QLYHO GH FRPSUHQVLyQ PLHQWUDV TXH D RWURV OHV OOHYH PiV WLHPSR \ UHTXLHUDQ GHDSR\RHVSHFLDO &RPR HGXFDGRUHV \ HGXFDGRUDV FRPSURPHWLGRV FRQ HO DSUHQGL]DMH GH WRGRV \ WRGDV QXHVWUDV DOXPQDV GHEHPRVWRPDUHQFXHQWDTXH ‡ 7RGDV \ WRGRV ORV QLxRV QLxDV \ MyYHQHV SXHGHQ DOFDQ]DU OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD DXQTXH HQ WLHPSRV \ GH PDQHUDV GLVWLQWDV VL VH OHV RIUHFHQ ODV RSRUWXQLGDGHV VXILFLHQWHV \ VH OHV HQVHxDQ HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDORJUDUOR ‡ 'HEHPRV UHVSHWDU ODV GLIHUHQFLDV LQGLYLGXDOHV HYLWDQGR H[LJLU TXH WRGRV\WRGDVYD\DQDOPLVPRULWPR GXUDQWH HO DxR R TXH WRGRV VH LQWHUHVHQSRUHOPLVPRWLSRGHWH[WRV 5HVSHWDU ODV GLIHUHQFLDV VLJQLILFD RIUHFHUWDQWDVRSRUWXQLGDGHVFRPR SRGDPRV SDUD TXH FDGD TXLHQ VHJ~Q VX ULWPR \ SRVLELOLGDGHV ILQDOPHQWH DOFDQFH HO QLYHO GH FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD GHO JUDGR HQ TXHVHHQFXHQWUD ‡ $WHQGHU ODV GLIHUHQFLDV LQGLYLGXDOHV LPSOLFD WDPELpQ GHGLFDU HVSHFLDO DWHQFLyQ D TXLHQHV SRU GLVWLQWDV UD]RQHV SUHVHQWDQ PiV GLILFXOWDGHV 6RQDHOORV\HOODVDTXLHQHVGHEHPRV RIUHFHU PiV WLHPSR \ YDULDGDV HVWUDWHJLDV $Vt FRPR VH GHEHQ UHVSHWDU ODV GLIHUHQFLDV LQGLYLGXDOHV WDPELpQ VH GHEHQ UHVSHWDU ODV FROHFWLYDV  1RV UHIHULPRVDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVOLQJtVWLFDV \FXOWXUDOHVGHORVQLxRV\QLxDV 3RU HMHPSOR QR SRGHPRV HVSHUDU ORV PLVPRV UHVXOWDGRV GH FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUDHQHOPLVPRSHUtRGRGHWLHPSR VL HVWDPRV WUDEDMDQGR HQ HO LGLRPD

PDWHUQR R HQ OD VHJXQGD OHQJXD GH ORV QLxRV QLxDV \ MyYHQHV  7RGRV \ WRGDVWLHQHQGHUHFKRDDSUHQGHUHQVX SURSLRLGLRPD\DUHFLELUXQDHGXFDFLyQ DSURSLDGD SDUD DSUHQGHU RWUD X RWUDV OHQJXDV 5HVSHWDU ODV GLIHUHQFLDV FROHFWLYDV GH ODV GLVWLQWDV FRPXQLGDGHV FXOWXUDOHV \ OLQJtVWLFDV GH QXHVWUR SDtV H[LJH GHVDUUROODU HVIXHU]RV HVSHFtILFRV GH HGXFDFLyQ ELOLQJH LQWHUFXOWXUDO TXH UHVSHWHQ\WRPHQHQFXHQWDVXVLGLRPDV \FXOWXUDVDOGHVDUUROODUODFRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD

C "IRPLABBPQO>QBDF>P 3XHGH KDEHU DOXPQRV \ DOXPQDV TXH HVWpQ PRWLYDGRV TXH OHDQ D XQD YHORFLGDG \ SUHFLVLyQ UD]RQDEOH TXH WHQJDQVXILFLHQWHFRQRFLPLHQWRSUHYLR VREUH OR WUDWDGR HQ HO WH[WR \ TXH HO YRFDEXODULR HPSOHDGR OHV UHVXOWH IDPLOLDU\QRREVWDQWHQRFRPSUHQGDQ ¢4XpRFXUUHHQHVWRVFDVRV" /D H[SOLFDFLyQ HQ OD PD\RUtD GH ODV YHFHV HVWi UHODFLRQDGD FRQ OD DXVHQFLD GH HVWUDWHJLDV OHFWRUDV 3HUR¢TXpVRQODVHVWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV" &RQVLVWHQ HQ IRUPDV IOH[LEOHV GH DFWXDU DO PRPHQWR GH OHHU PDQHUDV GH WUDEDMDU FRQ HO WH[WR TXH UHVXOWDQ VXPDPHQWHHIHFWLYDVSDUDFRPSUHQGHU ORTXHVHHVWiOH\HQGR 7RGDV ODV HVWUDWHJLDV OHFWRUDV HVWiQ UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH HVWDEOHFHU GLiORJRV LQWHULRUHV HV GHFLUHOKiELWRGHKDEODUFRQQRVRWURV PLVPRV PLHQWUDV HVWDPRV OH\HQGR KDFHUQRV SUHJXQWDV UHVSRQGHUODV YHULILFDU HVDV UHVSXHVWDV \ FRQVLGHUDU RWUDVDOWHUQDWLYDVGHDFWXDFLyQ 

$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

8QDSRVLEOHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOXVRGHHVWUDWHJLDVVHUtDODVLJXLHQWH

LECTOR

TEXTO LECTOR

™4XÃYR\DOHHU"SDUHFH XQFXHQWR™TXLÃQVHU»HO SHUVRQDMH"™TXÃOHLU»D SDVDUDHVWHSHUVRQDMH"

TEXTO

(QHOSULPHUFDVRRFXUUHXQDOHFWXUDLQPHGLDWDHQODTXHHOOHFWRUVHLQWURGXFHHQ HOWH[WRVLQKDFHUXVRGHHVWUDWHJLDV(QHOVHJXQGRFDVRVHLQWHUSRQHXQGLiORJR LQWHULRUHQWUHHOOHFWRU\HOWH[WRVHDSOLFDXQDHVWUDWHJLD /DPHWDGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVSDUDDSUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFDHV DFWLYDUHVHGLiORJRLQWHULRU\HQULTXHFHUORFRQHVWUDWHJLDVHIHFWLYDVHVGHFLUFRQ ©SUHJXQWDVHLQGLFDFLRQHVTXHQRVGDPRVDQRVRWURVRQRVRWUDVPLVPDVPLHQWUDV YDPRVOH\HQGRSDUDDOFDQ]DUXQDEXHQDFRPSUHQVLyQª $OLQLFLRHOSURIHVRURSURIHVRUDSURYRFDUiHVHGLiORJRLQWHULRUKDFLHQGRODVSUHJXQWDV H[SORUDQGRSRVLEOHVUHVSXHVWDVWRPDQGRGHFLVLRQHVVREUHORTXHFRQYLHQHKDFHU SHURVXILQDOLGDGGHEHVHUTXHHOHGXFDQGRGHVDUUROOHVXGLiORJRLQWHULRU\ORYD\D HQULTXHFLHQGRFDGDYH]PiV

¿Qué estrategias lectoras conoce?

/DVHVWUDWHJLDVFRPRYHUHPRVHQHOVLJXLHQWHFDStWXORHVWiQRULHQWDGDV DJDUDQWL]DUORVSURFHVRVQHFHVDULRVSDUDFRPSUHQGHU\YDORUDUORTXH OHHPRV\VHDSR\DQHQHOXVRGHSUHJXQWDVWpFQLFDV\IRUPDVIOH[LEOHV GHHYDOXDUFDGDVLWXDFLyQ

$FWLYLGDGDXWRHYDOXDFLyQ A. Lea cada pregunta y señale la respuesta correcta.  ¢4XpDILUPDFLyQUHVXPHPHMRUODPRWLYDFLyQDOOHHU" D ,QWHUpVTXHVHOHGHVSLHUWDDXQDSHUVRQDSDUDWHQHUODFRQILDQ]DGHFRPSUHQGHUXQWH[WR E (VODFDSDFLGDGGHGLVIUXWDUGHXQDOHFWXUD F (VHOLQWHUpVSDUWLFXODU\JHQXLQRTXHWLHQHXQDSHUVRQDSRUOHHUFRPSUHQGHU\GLVIUXWDUGH XQWH[WR



(OSURFHVROHFWRU

&DStWXOR

 ¢&XiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVDILUPDFLRQHVFRUUHVSRQGHDORH[SXHVWRHQHOWH[WR" D /DOHQJXDPDWHUQDHVODEDVHGHOOHQJXDMHGHODVSHUVRQDV\GHVXFXOWXUD\SRUHOORGHEH DVHJXUDUVHTXHWRGDVODVQLxDV\QLxRVSXHGDQXVDU\SHUIHFFLRQDUVXLGLRPDPDWHUQRHQOD HVFXHOD E /DOHQJXDPDWHUQDHVODEDVHGHOOHQJXDMHGHODVSHUVRQDV\GHVXFXOWXUDSHURQRHVWDQ LPSRUWDQWH FXDQGR VH DSUHQGH D OHHU SRUTXH HO LGLRPD PDWHUQR OR VLJXHQ XVDQGR HQ VX FDVD F /DOHQJXDPDWHUQDHVODEDVHGHOOHQJXDMHGHODVSHUVRQDV\GHVXFXOWXUDSHURDYHFHVHV XQREVWiFXORSDUDDSUHQGHUDOHHUHQRWURLGLRPD  ¢4XpDILUPDFLyQH[SOLFDPHMRUSRUTXpHVLPSRUWDQWHDFWLYDUORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVSUHYLRVDQWHVGH OHHUXQWH[WR" D 3RUTXHDOUHFRUGDUORTXHVDEHPRVVREUHHOWHPDTXHYDPRVDOHHU\DQRHVWDQLPSRUWDQWH SRQHUOHDWHQFLyQDOWH[WRFRPSOHWRSDUDFRPSUHQGHUOR E 3RUTXHFXDQGRORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVQXHYRVVHFRQHFWDQFRQORTXHVHFRQRFHRVHVDEHOD OHFWXUDDGTXLHUHVLJQLILFDGRHVGHFLUUHVXOWD~WLOSDUDHOOHFWRU\ODYXHOYHGLQiPLFD F 3RUTXHFXDQGRORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVQXHYRVVHFRQHFWDQFRQORVDQWHULRUHVVHSXHGHGHVFXEULU HOVLJQLILFDGR\HOPHQVDMHGHODOHFWXUD  ¢4XpDILUPDFLyQGHILQHPHMRUORTXHHVXQDHVWUDWHJLDOHFWRUD" D (VXQDIRUPDHVSHFLDOGHKDFHUODOHFWXUDGHPDQHUDTXHVHSXHGDFRPSUHQGHU\VHDXPHQWH ODYHORFLGDGDOOHHU E 6RQIRUPDVIOH[LEOHVGHDFWXDUTXHUHVXOWDQVXPDPHQWHHIHFWLYDVSDUDFRPSUHQGHUORTXHVH HVWiOH\HQGR F 6RQSURFHGLPLHQWRVHVSHFtILFRVTXHVHXWLOL]DQSDUDDXPHQWDUODFDSDFLGDGGHFRPSUHQGHU WH[WRVPX\FRPSOHMRV %XVTXHUHVSXHVWDVVXJHULGDVDHVWDDFWLYLGDGHQHODQH[RGHODSiJLQD

B. Responda lo siguiente:  ¢4XpRSLQDGHODV\ORVDOXPQRVDTXLHQHVVHOHVHQVHxDDOHHU\HVFULELUHQXQLGLRPDTXHQR FRQRFHQVXILFLHQWHPHQWH"

 'HVFULEDTXpHVWUDWHJLDVXWLOL]DXVWHGSDUDOHHUGHPDQHUDFRPSUHQVLYD



&DStWXOR

(VWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV



&DStWXOR

(VWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV

"PQO>QBDF>PIB@QLO>P $KRUDUHYLVDUHPRVXQRSRUXQRORVSURFHVRVTXHGHEHQRFXUULUSDUDFRPSUHQGHUOR TXHOHHPRV3DUDFDGDXQRGHHVWRVSURFHVRVLGHQWLILFDUHPRVHVWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV TXHUHVXOWDQPX\YDOLRVDVSDUDFRPSUHQGHU\YDORUDUHOVLJQLILFDGRGHORVWH[WRV /DVHVWUDWHJLDVTXHWUDEDMDUHPRVFRUUHVSRQGHQDORVVLJXLHQWHVSURFHVRV\VHSXHGHQ FODVLILFDUVHJ~QHOPRPHQWRHQTXHPiVVHXVDQVLQROYLGDUTXHPXFKDVGHHOODVVH GHEHQDSOLFDUWRGRHOWLHPSR

$QWHVGHOHHU    

,GHQWLILFDUHOWLSRGHWH[WR\VXSRVLEOHFRQWHQLGR (VWDEOHFHUQXHVWURSURSyVLWRGHOHFWXUD $FWLYDUORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVSUHYLRV +DFHUKLSyWHVLVVREUHHOFRQWHQLGR

'XUDQWHODOHFWXUD      

(QWHQGHUODVSDODEUDVQXHYDV\VXVLJQLILFDGR ,GHQWLILFDUHOWHPD (VWDEOHFHUODLGHDSULQFLSDO 6HJXLUHOKLORDOWHPD SURJUHVLyQWHPiWLFD (VWDEOHFHUUHODFLRQHV 0RQLWRUHDUODSURSLDFRPSUHQVLyQ

'HVSXpVGHOHHU  5HVXPLU\RUJDQL]DUODLQIRUPDFLyQ  9DORUDUFUtWLFDPHQWHOROHtGR

1RWDDFODUDWRULDQRVHSUHVHQWD´KDFHULQIHUHQFLDVµFRPRXQDHVWUDWHJLD HVSHFtILFDSRUTXHVHXWLOL]DHQYDULDVGHODVHVWUDWHJLDVTXHVHSUHVHQWDUiQ \VHH[SOLFDHQFDGDFDVR



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

&ABKQFCF@>OBIQFMLABQBUQLVPRMLPF?IB@LKQBKFAL &RPR YHtDPRV HQ HO DSDUWDGR ¢4Xp RFXUUH DO OHHU" DQWHV GH LQLFLDU OD OHFWXUD HV QHFHVDULR HQFHQGHU OD OX] GH OD KDELWDFLyQ D OD TXH YDPRV D LQJUHVDU  (VWH SURFHVRGHXELFDFLyQSUHYLDDODOHFWXUDHVHQRSLQLyQGHPXFKRVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVH LQYHVWLJDGRUDVLQGLVSHQVDEOHSDUDOOHJDUDFRPSUHQGHUORTXHYDPRVDOHHU 6LHOOHFWRUROHFWRUDQRORJUDLGHQWLILFDUTXpWLSRGHWH[WRWLHQHHQIUHQWHQRSRGUi HQFRQWUDUODVSDODEUDVHLGHDVSULQFLSDOHVSUHFLVDPHQWHSRUTXHQRVDEHTXpGHEH EXVFDUPLHQWUDVOHH ©$OUHFRQRFHUHOWLSRGHWH[WRTXHYDPRVDOHHUQRVIRUPDPRVXQDLGHDGHVXSRVLEOH HVWUXFWXUD \ HOOR QRV SHUPLWH UHGXFLU H[WHQVRV IUDJPHQWRV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ D XQ Q~PHURGHLGHDVPDQHMDEOHVVLQTXHDOKDFHUORSHUGDPRVLQIRUPDFLyQUHOHYDQWHª H[SOLFD6iQFKH] REFLW 

([LVWH XQD JUDQ GLYHUVLGDG GH WH[WRV TXH YDUtDQ VHJ~Q VX WHPiWLFD SURIXQGLGDG IXQFLyQ \ H[WHQVLyQ  (VWR KDFH PX\ GLItFLO HVWDEOHFHU XQD WLSRORJtD TXH DEDUTXH WRGRVORVDVSHFWRVTXHWLHQHXQWH[WRSRU HOOR H[LVWHQ PXFKDV FODVLILFDFLRQHV  3RU HMHPSOR OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ GH XQD QRYHOD KLVWyULFDSXHGHVHUEDVWDQWHPiVFRPSOHMD TXH HO UHODWR GH XQ SDUWLGR GH I~WERO \ DPERV SXHGHQ VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV GHO WLSR QDUUDWLYR



&DStWXOR

(VWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV

$SHVDUGHORDQWHULRUHVQHFHVDULRDSUHQGHUDGLVWLQJXLUORVWLSRVGHWH[WR\SDUDHOOR SUHVHQWDPRVDFRQWLQXDFLyQXQDFODVLILFDFLyQTXHQRVKDVHUYLGRSDUDWUDEDMDUFRQ ORVQLxRVQLxDV\MyYHQHVHVWDLPSRUWDQWHHVWUDWHJLD 7LSRVGHWH[WRV

1DUUDWLYRV

3RpWLFRV

&LHQWtILFRV

'HVFULSFLyQ\HMHPSORV

&RQWHQLGRV IXQGDPHQWDOHV

/D QDUUDFLyQ HV XQ WLSR GH WH[WR HQ HO TXH VH FXHQWDQ KHFKRV UHDOHV R ILFWLFLRV (MHPSORV OD QRYHOD HO FXHQWR OD IiEXOD HO UHODWR OD DQpFGRWDHOWHDWURODOH\HQGD\ODFDUWD6RQ ORVTXHHVWiQPiVFHUFDQRVDOGLVFXUVRRUDOUD]yQ SRUODFXDOVHXWLOL]DQFDVLGHIRUPDH[FOXVLYDHQ ORVSULPHURVDxRVGHODHVFXHODSDUDLQWURGXFLUOD OHFWXUD\HVFULWXUD

3HUVRQDMHVDFFLRQHV GLiORJRVGHVFULSFLRQHV SUREOHPDVVROXFLRQHV VHFXHQFLDV

6RQORVWH[WRVTXHXWLOL]DQXQDVHULHGHUHFXUVRV GH HVWLOR SDUD FRPXQLFDU LGHDV VHQWLPLHQWRV \ HPRFLRQHV6HGHVWDFDQSRUHOXVRGHOOHQJXDMH ILJXUDGR\HOXVRHVWpWLFRGHOLGLRPD(OHMHPSOR SULQFLSDO VRQ ORV SRHPDV SHUR H[LVWHQ PXFKRV RWURV

'HVFULSFLRQHV VHQWLPLHQWRV FRPSDUDFLRQHV DQDORJtDV

6RQ ORV TXH VH SURGXFHQ HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH OD FRPXQLGDG FLHQWtILFD FRQ OD LQWHQFLyQ GH SUHVHQWDU GHPRVWUDU R H[SOLFDU FRQRFLPLHQWRV SURGXFLGRVSRUODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ3XHGHQLQFOXLUVH ORV TXH WUDWDQ VREUH HO PXQGR QDWXUDO \ VRFLDO FRQ LQWHQFLRQHV GLGiFWLFDV  $OJXQRV HMHPSORV VRQODWHVLVHODUWtFXORFLHQWtILFRODPRQRJUDItD\ ORVWH[WRVHGXFDWLYRVRHVFRODUHVTXHVHUHILHUHQ DODVFLHQFLDV

&RQFHSWRV GHILQLFLRQHV GHVFULSFLRQHV IXQFLRQHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VLPLOLWXGHVGLIHUHQFLDV PpWRGRVGDWRV DUJXPHQWRVFDXVDV HIHFWRVVHFXHQFLDV SURFHGLPLHQWRV

$GPLQLVWUDWLYRV

6RQDTXHOORVTXHVHSURGXFHQFRPRPHGLRGH FRPXQLFDFLyQHQWUHODSHUVRQD\GHWHUPLQDGD LQVWLWXFLyQ R HQWUH LQVWLWXFLRQHV R HQWUH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV \ ODV SHUVRQDV 6H WUDWD GH WH[WRV PX\IRUPDOHV\FRQHVWUXFWXUDVUtJLGDV$OJXQRV HMHPSORVVRQOH\HVGLFWiPHQHVQRWLILFDFLRQHV FHUWLILFDGRV VROLFLWXGHV PHPRV \ EROHWLQHV RILFLDOHV

3HULRGtVWLFRV

6RQ WRGRV ORV WH[WRV TXH SXHGHQ DSDUHFHU HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ SHULRGtVWLFD 6XHOHQ VXEGLYLGLUVH HQ GRV JUXSRV LQIRUPDWLYRV TXH WLHQHQ SRU IXQFLyQ WUDQVPLWLU XQD GHWHUPLQDGDLQIRUPDFLyQDOOHFWRU\GHRSLQLyQ TXHYDORUDQFRPHQWDQ\H[SUHVDQMXLFLRVVREUH ODV LQIRUPDFLRQHV GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GHO SHULRGLVWDRGHODSXEOLFDFLyQ(QWUHORVSULPHURV ORV IXQGDPHQWDOHV VRQ OD QRWLFLD \ HO UHSRUWDMH HQWUH ORV VHJXQGRV HO HGLWRULDO HO DUWtFXOR GH RSLQLyQODFUtWLFDRODFROXPQD

'DWRVKHFKRV LQVWUXFFLRQHV GHVFULSFLRQHV DUJXPHQWRV

,QIRUPDWLYRV 6XMHWRVOXJDUHV VXFHVRVVHFXHQFLDV IHFKDVGHVFULSFLRQHV FDXVDV 'HRSLQLyQ +HFKRVDUJXPHQWRV YDORUDFLRQHVFUtWLFDV SURSXHVWDV



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV 7LSRVGHWH[WRV

&RQWHQLGRV IXQGDPHQWDOHV

'HVFULSFLyQ\HMHPSORV $XQTXH HVWH WLSR GH WH[WR HVWi UHODFLRQDGR FRQ HO DGPLQLVWUDWLYR VH SURSRQH FRPR XQR GLVWLQWR SRU VX HVSHFLILFLGDG \ XWLOLGDG  6RQ ORV WH[WRV TXH RIUHFHQ SDXWDV R LQGLFDFLRQHV SXQWXDOHV SDUD KDFHU DOJR SDUD GHVHPSHxDU GLVWLQWDV IXQFLRQHV R DFFLRQHV 6H LQFOX\HQ DFi ORV PDQXDOHV ODV UHJODV GH XQ MXHJR ODV LQVWUXFFLRQHVGHXQDSDUDWRORVSURVSHFWRVGH ODVPHGLFLQDV

,QGLFDFLRQHV SURFHGLPLHQWRV FRQGLFLRQHV DGYHUWHQFLDVGDWRV

'DWRVFDQWLGDGHV VHFXHQFLDVLPiJHQHV VLPEyOLFDVUHODFLRQHV

'LVFRQWLQXRV

6H OH OODPD DVt D WRGRV ORV WH[WRV TXH QR VLJXHQ OD HVWUXFWXUD FOiVLFD RUDFLRQHV TXH IRUPDQ SiUUDIRV \ SiUUDIRV TXH IRUPDQ HO WH[WR FRPSOHWR 6RQ WH[WRV TXH SUHVHQWDQ OD LQIRUPDFLyQ VHJPHQWDGD \ PXFKDV YHFHV D WUDYpV GH JUiILFRV 3RU HMHPSOR FXDGURV JUiILFDV WDEODV GLDJUDPDV PDSDV EROHWRV R ©WLFNHWVªSDQIOHWRVYRODQWHV

,QGLFDFLRQHV DUJXPHQWRVGDWRV

3XEOLFLWDULRV

(V XQ WLSR GH WH[WR TXH JHQHUDOPHQWH HV GLVFRQWLQXR SHUR TXH WLHQH XQD IXQFLyQ HVSHFtILFD FRQYHQFHU DO OHFWRU DFHUFD GH ODV FXDOLGDGHVGHXQDUWtFXORRVHUYLFLRHLQFLWDUOR DO FRQVXPR GHO PLVPR (VWD QHFHVLGDG GH DWUDHUODDWHQFLyQGHOOHFWRUKDFHTXHHOWH[WR SXEOLFLWDULR HPSOHH JHQHUDOPHQWH UHFXUVRV FRPRODFRPELQDFLyQGHSDODEUDHLPDJHQORV MXHJRVGHSDODEUDVORVHVOyJDQHVRODVWLSRJUDItD OODPDWLYDV (O WH[WR SXEOLFLWDULR IXQGDPHQWDO HV HODQXQFLR

,QVWUXFWLYRV

(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDFRQFULWHULRVGLGiFWLFRV

¿Cuál es el tipo de texto que más ha leído? Si es docente en servicio, ¿cuál es el tipo de texto que más han leído los niños y niñas del grado que atiende?

(V LPSRUWDQWH UHFRQRFHU TXH ODV QLxDV \ QLxRV VH HQFXHQWUDQ HQ VX YLGD FRWLGLDQD FRQ XQ DPSOLR DEDQLFR GH WH[WRV GH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV PX\ GLIHUHQWHVH[SRVLWLYRV\DUJXPHQWDWLYRVLQVWUXFWLYRVQDUUDWLYRVGHVFULSWLYRV SXEOLFLWDULRV&DGDXQRGHHOORVUHTXLHUHGLIHUHQWHVHVWUDWHJLDVGHOHFWXUD\ GLIHUHQWHVHVWUDWHJLDVGHSURGXFFLyQRHODERUDFLyQ &RPR\DKHPRVGLFKRFRPSUHQGHUUHTXLHUHVHOHFFLRQDUORPiVLPSRUWDQWH GHXQWH[WRSRUHOORHVLQGLVSHQVDEOHVDEHUTXpYDPRVDEXVFDUHQHOWH[WR DQWHVGHFRPHQ]DUDOHHUORRDOPHQRVWHQHUXQDKLSyWHVLVDOUHVSHFWROBIQBJ> (QFRQWUDUHOWHPDGHORTXHHVWDPRVOH\HQGR HTXLYDOHDVHOHFFLRQDUODVHPLOODGHXQFXOWLYR VLQVHPLOODQRKD\SODQWDV\FRQODVHPLOODHTXLYRFDGD QRWHQGUHPRVODVSODQWDVTXHQHFHVLWDPRV ©¢'HTXpWUDWDHVWR"ª(VXQDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVSUHJXQWDVTXHORVOHFWRUHVHILFLHQWHV VH KDFHQ GXUDQWH OD OHFWXUD  3HUPLWH FRPSDUDU ODV KLSyWHVLV \ SUHGLFFLRQHV TXH VH KDFHQ DQWHV GH OHHU FRQ OR TXH HO WH[WR H[SUHVD  ,GHQWLILFDU HO WHPD HV XQR GHORVSURFHVRVFODYHVSDUDFRPSUHQGHUWRGRHOWH[WRSXHVDSDUWLUGHOPLVPRVH FRQVWUX\HRFXOWLYDHOUHVWRGHVLJQLILFDGRVGHXQHVFULWR 3DUDFRPSUHQGHUDIRQGRHVWHSURFHVRGHILQDPRVTXpHQWHQGHPRVSRUWHPDHV HODVXQWRGHOTXHWUDWDQWRGDVRODPD\RUtDGHSDUWHVGHXQWH[WR*HQHUDOPHQWHVH H[SUHVDFRQSRFDVSDODEUDV\VLQOOHJDUDIRUPDUXQDRUDFLyQFRPSOHWD 3DUDH[SOLFDUHOFRQFHSWRGHWHPDUHVXOWDGHJUDQD\XGDXWLOL]DUODLGHDGH©SRQHUOH XQWtWXORDOWH[WRª9HDPRVFXDQGROHSRQHPRVQRPEUHDDOJRDXQDSHUVRQDDXQ DQLPDODXQOXJDUDXQHOHPHQWRGHODQDWXUDOH]DDXQREMHWRDXQVHQWLPLHQWR D XQD PiTXLQD« QR XVDPRV RUDFLRQHV FRPSOHWDV VLQR ~QLFDPHQWH UHIHULPRV HO VXMHWRXREMHWRGHXQDSURSRVLFLyQ 7HPDR© WtWXORª

,GHDVREUHHVHWHPD

/DVDYHQWXUDVGH0i[LPR

/DVDYHQWXUDVGH0i[LPROHSHUPLWLHURQDSUHQGHUD UHVSHWDUDORVDQLPDOHV

(OSURFHVDPLHQWRGHOTXHVRHQ-DODSD

(OSURFHVDPLHQWRGHOTXHVRHQ-DODSDVHUHDOL]DHQ WUHVHWDSDV\FRQPHGLGDVGHKLJLHQHH[WUHPDV

7LSRVGHIORUHV

/DVIORUHVSXHGHQFODVLILFDUVHHQGRVWLSRVVHJ~Q ODIRUPDGHVXVVpSDORVGLDVpSDODFXDQGRHVWiQ VHSDUDGRV\JDPRVpSDODGHVpSDORVXQLGRV

(OWHPDFRPRWtWXORGHOWH[WR

3DUDH[SOLFDUHOFRQFHSWRGHWHPDUHVXOWDGHJUDQ D\XGDXWLOL]DUODLGHDGH©SRQHUOHWtWXORDOWH[WRª

&RPRSRGHPRVYHUHQHOFXDGURDQWHULRUHOWHPDVHUHILHUHDDOJRDXQDVXQWR SHURQRGHEHH[SOLFDUHVHDVXQWR LGHDVREUHHOWHPD  /DLPSRUWDQFLDGHLGHQWLILFDUHOWHPDSDUDOXHJRFRPSUHQGHUHOVLJQLILFDGRGHXQ WH[WR KD VLGR GRFXPHQWDGD HQ ORV FpOHEUHV WUDEDMRV GH .LQWVFK \ 9DQ 'LMN   HQORVTXHHVWDEOHFHQTXHHOWHPDSHUPLWHFRQHFWDUODVLGHDVGHXQWH[WR HQWUHVt



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

$O UHVSHFWR 6iQFKH] RE FLW  H[SOLFD TXHLGHQWLILFDUHOWHPDHTXLYDOHDTXH HOOHFWRUWHQJDXQGLiORJRLQWHULRUFRPR HOVLJXLHQWH ©6LHPSUH PH KDEODQ GH DOJR (VH DOJRHVODSLH]DFODYHSDUDFRQVWUXLU\ HQOD]DU ODV LGHDV 'HER HQFRQWUDU HVH DOJR \D VHD GLUHFWDPHQWH HQ HO WH[WR RHODERUiQGRORFRQPLVFRQRFLPLHQWRV SUHYLRV ¢'H TXp KDEOD HVWH WH[WR" ¢6REUHTXpWUDWD"ª $QDOLFHPRVXQHMHPSOR,GHQWLILTXHPRV H O  W H P D  G H O  V L J X L H Q W H  S i U U D I R  UHVSRQGLHQGRDODVSUHJXQWDV ‡ ¢'HTXpWUDWDHVWHSiUUDIR" ‡ ¢4XpDVXQWRVHUHSLWHHQODPD\RUtD GHRUDFLRQHV" (O FXHUSR GH XQ WLEXUyQ HV GLIHUHQWH DOGHRWUDVFODVHVGHSHFHVSRUYDULDV UD]RQHV 3RU HMHPSOR XQ WLEXUyQ QR WLHQH KXHVRV 6X HVTXHOHWR HVWi IRUPDGR GH FDUWtODJRV XQ PDWHULDO GXUR\HOiVWLFR8QWLEXUyQWLHQHYDULDV ILODVGHGLHQWHVHQVXERFD6LSLHUGH XQGLHQWHXQRQXHYRSXHGHPRYHUVH DO IUHQWH \ WRPDU VX OXJDU (O FXHUSR HVWiFXELHUWRGHSHTXHxDVHVFDPDV GHQWDGDV (VWR KDFH TXH OD SLHO GHO WLEXUyQ VHD PX\ iVSHUD /D SLHO GH WLEXUyQ VH KD OOHJDGR D XVDU FRPR SDSHOGHOLMD

$ODQDOL]DUFDGDRUDFLyQHQFRQWUDPRV TXH pVWDV WUDWDQ GH FXHUSR GH ORV WLEXURQHVRWURVSHFHVUD]RQHVKXHVRV HVTXHOHWR FDUWtODJRV ILODV GH GLHQWHV ERFDFXHUSRFRQHVFDPDVGHQWDGDV SLHOiVSHUDSDSHOGHOLMD« ‡ (ODVXQWRFRP~QHVHOFXHUSRGHORV WLEXURQHV



(QPXFKRVFDVRVHOWHPDGHXQWH[WR VHSUHVHQWDDOLQLFLRGHOPLVPR SULPHU SiUUDIRSULPHUDRUDFLyQ VLQHPEDUJR HQRWURVFDVRVHOWHPDVHSUHVHQWDPiV DGHODQWHRQRVHPHQFLRQDGHIRUPD H[SOtFLWD\GHEHPRVHODERUDUOR (V PX\ LPSRUWDQWH FRQVLGHUDU TXH HO WHPD GH XQ WH[WR VH SXHGH H[SUHVDU GH GLVWLQWDV IRUPDV  'LFKR GH RWUD PDQHUDSXHGHKDEHUGLIHUHQWHV©WtWXORV R QRPEUHVª SDUD LGHQWLILFDU XQ PLVPR VHJPHQWR GH LQIRUPDFLyQ \ WRGRV SXHGHQ VHU FRUUHFWRV VL FRUUHVSRQGHQ DODVXQWRGHOWH[WR(QHOFDVRDQWHULRU VHUtDLJXDOPHQWHFRUUHFWRGHFLUTXHHO WHPDHVDQDWRPtDGHOWLEXUyQ /DFODYHSDUDHQFRQWUDUHOWHPDGHXQ SiUUDIR FRPSXHVWR VLHPSUH GH YDULDV RUDFLRQHV HV GHVFXEULU OR TXH WLHQHQ HQFRP~QWRGDVRODPD\RUtDGHHOODV 'H OD PLVPD IRUPD SDUD HQFRQWUDU HO WHPDGHXQDOHFWXUDFRPSOHWDRGHXQ FDStWXORFRPSXHVWRSRUYDULRVSiUUDIRV OD FODYH HVWi HQ LGHQWLILFDU OR TXH WLHQHQHQFRP~QWRGRVRODPD\RUtDGH SiUUDIRV ¿Qué figura se repite en todas las filas?

&DStWXOR

(VWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV

(OWHPDVHSDUHFHDXQWUDMHRDXQDVRPEULOOD

(QDOJXQRVFDVRVHOWHPDGHOSiUUDIRRGHODOHFWXUDFRPSOHWDDSDUHFHFODUDPHQWH H[SUHVDGR \ UHVXOWD IiFLO LGHQWLILFDUOR SHUR HQ PXFKRV FDVRV QR HVWi GLFKR \ HV QHFHVDULRHODERUDUOR 3DUDSRGHUHVWDEOHFHUHOWHPDGHXQWH[WRHVQHFHVDULRHQFRQWUDUXQFRQFHSWR ©XQQRPEUHªTXHQRVSHUPLWDLQFOXLUGHQWURGHpOORVGLVWLQWRVHOHPHQWRVRFRQFHSWRV TXH VH WUDWDQ HQ HO WH[WR  3DUD HOOR VH UHTXLHUHQ ODV KDELOLGDGHV GH FODVLILFDFLyQ JHQHUDOL]DFLyQ\FDWHJRUL]DFLyQ FUHDUFRQMXQWRV  8QDH[SOLFDFLyQTXHQRVKDVHUYLGRPXFKRSDUDWUDEDMDUODLGHQWLILFDFLyQGHOWHPD FRQ QLxRV QLxDV \ MyYHQHV HV GHFLUOHV TXH HVWDEOHFHU HO WHPD GH XQ SiUUDIR HV FRPRKDFHUOHXQWUDMHDXQDSHUVRQD(OWUDMHQRGHEHVHUGHPDVLDGRDSUHWDGRR FRUWRFRPRSDUDTXH©DOJRªTXHGHDIXHUDODSDQ]DSRUHMHPSORQLWDPSRFR GHPDVLDGRKROJDGRRJUDQGHSXHVHVPX\LQFyPRGR(OWHPDGHGHEHTXHGDU FRPRXQEXHQWUDMHELHQWDOODGRMXVWRDODPHGLGDGHOWH[WR

'LFKRHQOHQJXDMHWpFQLFRHOWHPDGHEHVHUODJHQHUDOL]DFLyQPiVSHTXHxDSRVLEOH SDUDORVHOHPHQWRVVXVWLWXLGRVSHURVLQGHMDUDOJXQRIXHUD'HEHVHUXQDFDWHJRUtD GRQGHTXHSDQWRGRVORVHOHPHQWRVTXHVHDERUGDQ\QRRWURV 2WURHMHPSORFRQJUDQSRGHUYLVXDOSDUDH[SOLFDUODLGHQWLILFDFLyQGHOWHPDDWUDYpV GHODHODERUDFLyQGHFDWHJRUtDVHVODVRPEULOOD %DXPDQQREFLW  $QDOLFHPRVHOVLJXLHQWHWH[WR 'DQLHO WLHQH XQD FDPLVD D FXDGURV ]DSDWRV QHJURV FDOFHWLQHV EODQFRV XQ SDQWDOyQPX\HOHJDQWH\XQVRPEUHURPX\VLPSiWLFR ¢'HTXpWUDWDHVWHWH[WR" 

$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

'DQLHO FDPLVD ]DSDWRV FDOFHWLQHV SDQWDOyQ VRPEUHUR

5RSDGH'DQLHO

FDPLVD ]DSDWRV FDOFHWLQHV

SDQWDOyQ VRPEUHUR

(OWH[WRWUDWDVREUHODURSDGH'DQLHO -XQWRDODOLVWDGHSDODEUDVKHPRVGLEXMDGRXQDVRPEULOODTXHQRVKDVHUYLGRSDUD LQFOXLUODOLVWDGHSDODEUDVGHOSiUUDIRGHQWURGHXQDVRODURSD(VLPSRUWDQWHTXH ODVRPEULOODQRVHDWDQSHTXHxDTXHGHMHSDODEUDVIXHUDQLWDQJUDQGHTXHFXEUD RWUDV 9HDPRVRWURVHMHPSORV /D PD\RUtD GH ORV WLEXURQHV FRPHQ SHFHV YLYRV LQFOXVR FRPHQ RWURV WLEXURQHV /RVWLEXURQHVWLHQHQVHQWLGRVDGDSWDGRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHSDUDODFD]D6XVHQWLGR GHOROIDWRHVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHDJXGR/RVWLEXURQHVSXHGHQROIDWHDUDOJXQRVRORUHV FRPRHOGHODVDQJUHKDVWDXQFXDUWRGHPLOODGHGLVWDQFLD$GHPiVWLHQHQXQ RtGRH[FHOHQWH3XHGHQRtUXQSH]KDVWDDPHGLDPLOODGHGLVWDQFLD ‡ (OWHPDHVVHQWLGRVGHORVWLEXURQHV ‡ ¢3RUTXp"/DPD\RUtDGHODVRUDFLRQHVWUDWDGHHVWHDVXQWR/DSULPHUDRUDFLyQ QRKDEODGHOWHPDVLUYHGHLQWURGXFFLyQ(OUHVWRGHRUDFLRQHVVHUHILHUHQDORV VHQWLGRVGHORVWLEXURQHV /DSLHOGHOWLEXUyQGHVSXpVGHTXHVHOHTXLWDQODVHVFDPDVUHVXOWDXQDSLHOGH ODUJD GXUDFLyQ 0XFKDV SHUVRQDV HQ FLHUWDV SDUWHV GHO PXQGR FRPHQ FDUQH GH WLEXUyQ/RVFKLQRVXVDQODVDOHWDVGHWLEXUyQSDUDKDFHUVRSD+R\GtDORVWLEXURQHV VHXVDQSDUDKDFHUHVWXGLRVFLHQWtILFRV/RVFLHQWtILFRVWUDWDQGHLQYHVWLJDUFyPRVH SURWHJHQORVWLEXURQHVGHODVHQIHUPHGDGHV ‡ (OWHPDHVXWLOLGDGGHOWLEXUyQ ‡ (QHVWHFDVRHVQHFHVDULRHODERUDUHOWHPD©SRQHUOHQRPEUHªDOFRQMXQWRGH HOHPHQWRVTXHVHPHQFLRQDQHQODVRUDFLRQHV

¿Qué otra analogía se le ocurre para facilitar la comprensión de lo que es identificar el tema?



&DStWXOR

(VWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV

¢7HPDSULQFLSDORWHPDVHFXQGDULR"

$YHFHVVHSURYRFDFLHUWDFRQIXVLyQVREUHHOWHPDSULQFLSDOGHXQDOHFWXUD\ORV WHPDVVHFXQGDULRV3DUDD\XGDUDFRPSUHQGHUHVWRGHEHPRVFRQVLGHUDUGHQXHYR QXHVWUDGHILQLFLyQGHWHPD(ODVXQWRGHOTXHWUDWDQWRGDVRODPD\RUtDGHSDUWHV GHXQWH[WR )LMpPRQRV TXH VH UHILHUH D ODV ©SDUWHV GHO WH[WRª  8Q WH[WR SXHGH VHU XQD OHFWXUD FRPSOHWDFRPSXHVWDGHYDULRVSiUUDIRVXQVRORSiUUDIRRXQDRUDFLyQ(VWRSHUPLWH GHGXFLU TXH FDGD RUDFLyQ SiUUDIR R FRQMXQWR GH SiUUDIRV SRVHH XQ WHPD \ DVt WHQHPRV 2UDFLyQ

7HPDGHODRUDFLyQRVXEWHPDGHOSiUUDIR

3iUUDIR

7HPDGHOSiUUDIRR VXEWHPDGHOWH[WRFRPSOHWR

7H[WR FRPSOHWR

7HPDSULQFLSDOGHODOHFWXUD

$ORVQLxRV\QLxDVJHQHUDOPHQWHVHOHVSLGHLGHQWLILFDUHOWHPDGHFDGDSiUUDIRD ORVTXHVHOHVOODPDVXEWHPDV\HOWHPDSULQFLSDOGHODOHFWXUDSDUDUHGXFLUHOQLYHO GHFRPSOHMLGDG

$FWLYLGDG A. ¿Qué le parece si pone a prueba su destreza para identificar el tema? Señale la opción que exprese mejor el tema de cada párrafo.  /RVPHWHRULWRVVRQIUDJPHQWRVGHFXHUSRVFHOHVWHVTXHDWUDYLHVDQODDWPyVIHUD\DOFDQ]DQ ODVXSHUILFLHGHOD7LHUUD(OHVWXGLRGHORVPHWHRULWRVUHYHODGDWRVLQWHUHVDQWHV\DTXHVRQ EXHQRVHMHPSORVGHODPDWHULDSULPLWLYDGHOVLVWHPDVRODU/RVPHWHRULWRVKDQVLGRGLItFLOHVGH FODVLILFDUSHURVHSXHGHQHVWDEOHFHUWUHVJUDQGHVJUXSRVSpWUHRSpWUHRIHUURVR\IHUURVR D (OPHWHRULWR\VXFODVLILFDFLyQ E /DPDWHULDSULPLWLYDVRODU F 7LSRVGHPHWHRULWRV G /RVPHWHRULWRV  /RVSHUURVSROLFtDSXHGHQSHUVHJXLU\GDUDOFDQFHDORVODGURQHV$OJXQRVSHUURVWUDEDMDQHQ HOFDPSRUHXQLHQGRYDFDVXRYHMDV\DKX\HQWDQGRUDWDV\UDWRQHV/RVSHUURVGHFRPSDxtD VRQ~WLOHVSRUTXHVRQEXHQRVDPLJRVGHVXVDPRV D /RVSHUURVSROLFtD E /RVSHUURV F /DXWLOLGDGGHORVSHUURVSDUDODVSHUVRQDV G /RVSHUURVGHFRPSDxtD



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

 /RV PD\DV DQWLJXRV FRPSDUWLHURQ FRQ RWUDV FXOWXUDV PHVRDPHULFDQDV UDVJRV FXOWXUDOHV LQFOX\HQGROD FUHHQFLDHQOD YLGD GHVSXpVGHOD PXHUWH\HQODV UHODFLRQHVHQWUHHOPXQGR KXPDQR\HVSLULWXDO$VtPLVPRGHVDUUROODURQXQVLVWHPD~QLFRGHHVFULWXUDSHUIHFFLRQDURQXQ FRPSOLFDGRFDOHQGDULR\ORJUDURQFRPSUHQGHUHOPRYLPLHQWRGHORVSODQHWDV D /RVPD\DV\VXVFUHHQFLDV E 5DVJRVFXOWXUDOHVGHORVPD\DV F (OFDOHQGDULRPD\D G 6LVWHPDGHHVFULWXUDPD\D %XVTXHUHVSXHVWDVVXJHULGDVDHVWDDFWLYLGDGHQHODQH[RGHODSiJLQD

B. Lea cada párrafo e identifique o elabore el tema. /HFWXUD

/DVRUDFLRQHV WUDWDQGH

(OWHPDHV

(O JDWR R JDWR GRPpVWLFR )HOLV VLOYHVWULV FDWXV  HV XQ SHTXHxR PDPtIHUR FDUQtYRUR GH OD IDPLOLD IHOLGDH (O JDWR FRQYLYH FRQ HO VHU KXPDQR GHVGH KDFH XQRV  DxRV SHUtRGR VXSHULRU DO HVWLPDGR DQWHULRUPHQWH TXH RVFLODED HQWUH\DxRV /RVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDVVHUiQORV SULPHURVHQVHQWLUVHDIHFWDGRV SRU HO FDPELR FOLPiWLFR \D TXHVXVXSHUYLYHQFLDGHSHQGH GHORVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVGHVX HQWRUQR \ FXDOTXLHU FDPELR FRPR SRU HMHPSOR VHTXtDV H[WUHPDV SXHGHQ DPHQD]DU VXYLGD /DVHUHQLGDGHVXQDVHQVDFLyQ GH ELHQHVWDU TXH QRV SHUPLWH IRFDOL]DUODVFRVDVTXHVXFHGHQ D QXHVWUR DOUHGHGRU GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD PiV DFWLYD /DV SHUVRQDV VHUHQDV ORJUDQ SHQVDUDQWHVGHGHFLGLU\QRVH VLHQWHQ GHPDVLDGR DVXVWDGDV SUHRFXSDGDVRDQVLRVDVSRUHO SRUYHQLU %XVTXHUHVSXHVWDVVXJHULGDVDHVWDDFWLYLGDGHQHODQH[RGHODSiJLQD 5HYLVHORVRUJDQL]DGRUHV©,GHQWLILFDQGRHOWHPDªTXHHVWiQHQODVSiJLQDVD



(VWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV

&DStWXOR

(QWRQFHVORP»V LPSRUWDQWHGHHVWH WHPDHVe

"PQ>?IB@BOI>FAB>MOFK@FM>I 3DUD FRPHQ]DU D KDEODU VREUH OD LGHD SULQFLSDO FRQYLHQH DFODUDU SULPHUR TXp HV XQD LGHD 8QD LGHD R SURSRVLFLyQ HV DOJR TXH WLHQH XQ VLJQLILFDGR SOHQR JHQHUDOPHQWH H[SUHVDGR HQ XQD RUDFLyQ $OJR SDUD VHU PiV SUHFLVRV TXH SXHGH VHU YHUGDGHUR R IDOVR 7RGDV ODV SDODEUDV WLHQHQXQVLJQLILFDGRSHUR~QLFDPHQWHODV SURSRVLFLRQHV SXHGHQ VHU YHUGDGHUDV R IDOVDV

$FWLYLGDG 0DUTXHFRQXQD;ODVSDODEUDVRFRQMXQWRGHSDODEUDVVREUHODVFXDOHVVHSXHGHKDFHU XQMXLFLRUHVSHFWRDVLVRQIDOVDVRYHUGDGHUDV1RLQWHUHVDVLVRQIDOVDVRYHUGDGHUDV VyORVLVHSRGUtDDILUPDUXQDFRVDXRWUDVREUHHVDVH[SUHVLRQHV

([SUHVLRQHV

¢6HSXHGHGHFLU VLVRQIDOVDVR YHUGDGHUDV"

&DPSDQD /DJUDQFHQD (OFRKHWHIXHODQ]DGRHOMXHYHVSDVDGR /RVFDQDULRVGHHVWHSXHEORFDQWDQPiVERQLWRTXHWRGRVORVGHPiV (OVtPERORTXtPLFR &XDWURKHUPDQDVWHQtDGRQ&DUDODPSLR0RQWHUURVR /DJUDYHGDGGHODWLHUUDHVXQDFRQVWDQWH (OURVWURGHODSULQFHVD /DSULQFHVDWHQtDXQKHUPRVRURVWUR %XVTXHUHVSXHVWDVVXJHULGDVDHVWDDFWLYLGDGHQHODQH[RGHODSiJLQD



$SUHQGHUDOHHUGHIRUPDFRPSUHQVLYD\FUtWLFD

(VWUDWHJLDV\KHUUDPLHQWDV

ÓQLFDPHQWH DTXHOODV H[SUHVLRQHV VREUHODVFXDOHVSXHGHGHFLUVHTXH VRQIDOVDVRYHUGDGHUDVVRQLGHDVR SURSRVLFLRQHV $FODUDGR OR DQWHULRU SRGHPRV DQDOL]DUTXpHVXQDLGHDSULQFLSDO (V OD LQIRUPDFLyQ PiV LPSRUWDQWH TXHHOWH[WRGLFHVREUHHOWHPD

GH LGHDV VHFXQGDULDV HMHPSORV GHWDOOHV FRPSDUDFLRQHV UHDILUPDFLRQHV HWF TXH DSR\DQ H[SOLFDQ R UHIXHU]DQ OD LGHD SULQFLSDO SHUR TXH QR VRQ WDQ LPSRUWDQWHVSRUTXHQRGHWHUPLQDQ HO VLJQLILFDGR JOREDO GHO WH[WR DXQTXHVHDQGHJUDQXWLOLGDGSDUD FRPSUHQGHUOR

&RPR \D YLPRV FDGD WH[WR QRV KDEOD GH ©DOJRª HO WHPD  XQD YH] TXH KHPRV LGHQWLILFDGR HVH ©DOJRª GHEHPRV LGHQWLILFDU ORV ©FRPHQWDULRVªTXHSUHVHQWDHOWH[WR VREUH HVH WHPD \ GHWHUPLQDU FXiO HV HO PiV IXQGDPHQWDO  (QWRQFHV ODLGHDSULQFLSDOHVHO©FRPHQWDULRª PiVLPSRUWDQWHGHOWHPD

(Q PXFKRV FDVRV OD PHMRU IRUPD GH HQFRQWUDU OD LGHD SULQFLSDO HQ XQ WH[WR HV LGHQWLILFDU \ GHVFDUWDU ODV LGHDV VHFXQGDULDV SDUD TXH DO ILQDO QRV TXHGH ~QLFDPHQWH OR IXQGDPHQWDO  &RPR FXDQGR VH OLPSLD HO PDt] R HO DUUR] VH TXLWDQ ODV FiVFDUDV SDUD TXH TXHGH VyOR HOJUDQR

/DLGHDSULQFLSDOHVWiDFRPSDxDGD

9HDPRVXQHMHPSORVHQFLOOR

0XFKDVPHUFDQFtDVVHWUDQVSRUWDQSRUWLHUUD3RUHMHPSORFDPLRQHVJUDQGHV\ SHTXHxRVWUDQVSRUWDQPHUFDQFtDV\PDWHULDOGHWRGDVODVIRUPDV\WDPDxRV/RV WUHQHVWUDQVSRUWDQFDUJDVH[WUHPDGDPHQWHSHVDGDV\YROXPLQRVDV 7HPDHOWUDQVSRUWHGHPHUFDQFtDV ,GHDSULQFLSDO0XFKDVPHUFDQFtDVVHWUDQVSRUWDQSRUWLHUUD ,GHDVVHFXQGDULDV 3RUHMHPSORFDPLRQHVJUDQGHV\ SHTXHxRVWUDQVSRUWDQPHUFDQFtDV \PDWHULDOGHWRGDVODVIRUPDV\ WDPDxRV

(VXQHMHPSORGHODLGHDSULQFLSDO

/RVWUHQHVWUDQVSRUWDQFDUJDV H[WUHPDGDPHQWHSHVDGDV\ YROXPLQRVDV

(VRWURHMHPSORGHODLGHDSULQFLSDO



&DStWXOR

([WUDHU ODV LGHDV SULQFLSDOHV HV GHWHUPLQDQWH HQ HO SURFHVR GH FRPSUHQVLyQ GH XQ WH[WR \D TXH QXHVWUD PHQWH QR SXHGH DOPDFHQDU WRGDV ODV SDODEUDV H LGHDV GH XQ HVFULWR QHFHVLWD HVFRJHU VyOR DOJXQDV SDUD DOPDFHQDUODV WHPSRUDOPHQWH PLHQWUDV HVWDEOHFH HO VLJQLILFDGR JOREDO  6L HVFRJHPRV SDODEUDV R LGHDV TXH QR VRQ ODV IXQGDPHQWDOHV ODLPDJHQPHQWDOTXHQRVIRUPDUHPRV GHO PHQVDMH R GHO FRQWHQLGR VHUi LQFRPSOHWDHTXLYRFDGDRVXSHUILFLDO ©/RVEXHQRVOHFWRUHVH[WUDHQODHVHQFLD GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ GHVSXpV GH KDEHU OHtGRª 9DQ 'LMN \ .LQWVFK  HQ %DXPDQQREFLW $OJXQDV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV FRPR OD GH 0H\HU HQ6iQFKH]REFLW KDQ GHPRVWUDGR TXH ORV HVFRODUHV TXH OHHQ GHILFLHQWHPHQWH VXHOHQ UHFRUGDU ~QLFDPHQWH©GHWDOOHVªGHOWH[WRTXHQR VRQUHOHYDQWHVSDUDFRPSUHQGHUOR /DPHQWDEOHPHQWH HVWD SUiFWLFD UHFRUGDU GHWDOOHV HQ OXJDU GH FDSWDU ODV LGHDV SULQFLSDOHV D YHFHV HV UHIRU]DGD SRU ODV SUHJXQWDV TXH ORV GRFHQWHV KDFHQ D ORV QLxRV \ QLxDV GHVSXpVGHOHHUFXHQWRVSXHVHQVHxDQ DGLULJLUODDWHQFLyQDORVGHWDOOHV\QR DODVLGHDVSULQFLSDOHV©¢'HTXpFRORU HUDHOVRPEUHUR"¢FXiQWRVDxRVWHQtD HOJDWR"¢FyPRVHOODPDEDODFLXGDG TXHYLVLWDURQ"HWFª

¿Qué otra argumento agregaría para justificar la importancia de encontrar la idea principal?

'HEHPRV D\XGDU D ORV QLxRV \ QLxDV D HQIRFDU VX DWHQFLyQ HQ OR PiV LPSRUWDQWH GHO WH[WR VL TXHUHPRV TXH OOHJXHQ D FRPSUHQGHUOR D FDEDOLGDG HQ OXJDU GH UHFRUGDU XQ SXxDGR GH GHWDOOHVGHVRUGHQDGRV

(VWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV

,GHDVSULQFLSDOHV H[SOtFLWDVHLPSOtFLWDV

$O LJXDO TXH HO WHPD OD LGHD SULQFLSDO SXHGH HVWDU H[SUHVDGD FRPR WDO HQ XQDGHODVRUDFLRQHVGHOWH[WR\VHOODPD H[SOtFLWDRSXHGHQRHVWDUFODUDPHQWH GLFKD\OODPDUVHLPSOtFLWD &XDQGR OD LGHD SULQFLSDO HV H[SOtFLWD PXFKDV YHFHV VH XELFD DO LQLFLR GHO WH[WR SULPHUSiUUDIRRSULPHUDRUDFLyQ  RWUDVSXHGHHVWDUHQPHGLRRDOILQDO /RV WUDEDMRV GH .LQWVFK \ 9DQ 'LMN   \ 9DQ 'LMN   DSRUWDURQ SURFHGLPLHQWRV \ HVWUDWHJLDV PX\ ~WLOHV SDUD DQDOL]DU WH[WRV \ IDFLOLWDU VX FRPSUHQVLyQ  3ODQWHDURQ DOJXQRV SURFHGLPLHQWRV HVSHFtILFRV SDUD REWHQHUODLGHDSULQFLSDOTXHYHUHPRV DFRQWLQXDFLyQ &XDQGR OD LGHD SULQFLSDO HV H[SOtFLWD ORV SURFHGLPLHQWRV SDUD HQFRQWUDUOD VRQODVHOHFFLyQ\ODRPLVLyQ(VGHFLU EXVFDPRV HQ FDGD RUDFLyQ VL GLFH DOJR HVHQFLDO VREUH HO WHPD \ YDPRV RPLWLHQGR R GHMDQGR D XQ ODGR ORV FRPHQWDULRV TXH QR FXPSOHQ HVH UHTXLVLWR  $O ILQDO QRV TXHGD OD LGHD SULQFLSDO 9HDPRVDOJXQRVHMHPSORVGHSiUUDIRV HQ ORV TXH OD LGHD SULQFLSDO HV H[SOtFLWD \ SRQJDPRV HQ SUiFWLFD HO SURFHGLPLHQWRGHVHOHFFLyQ\RPLVLyQ 5HFRUGHPRV OD SUHJXQWD FODYH HV ¢4Xp HV OR IXQGDPHQWDO TXH GLFH HO WH[WRVREUHHOWHPD"IQBJ>

MOLDOBPFrKQBJbQF@> (VWDEOHFHU OD SURJUHVLyQ WHPiWLFD HTXLYDOHDGHVFXEULUODVFDUUHWHUDVTXH XQHQ GLVWLQWRV SREODGRV HQ XQ PDSD /RV SREODGRV DO LQLFLR DSDUHFHQ GLVSHUVRVHQHOPDSDGHVFRQHFWDGRV &RQIRUPH HQFRQWUDPRV ODV FDUUHWHUDV TXHORVXQHQDSUHQGHPRVDPRYHUQRV HQHVHWHUULWRULR

(VWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDV

$QDOLFHPRV HO VLJXLHQWH XWLOL]DGRFRQMyYHQHV

HMHPSOR

8Q WH[WR SXHGH KDEODU WRGR pO GH OD FLXGDG GH 7RWRQLFDSiQ R FXDOTXLHU RWUD  \HVWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHVXWHPDSULQFLSDOHV 7RWRQLFDSiQ \ GH pO VH KDEOD HQ WRGRV ORV SiUUDIRV$KRUDELHQVLHQXQRGHORVSiUUDIRV VHGHVFULEHQODVWUDGLFLRQHVGH7RWRQLFDSiQ VHUtD LQFRUUHFWR GHFLU TXH HO WHPD GH HVH SiUUDIRHV7RWRQLFDSiQVLQPiV+DEUtDTXH GHFLUPiVELHQTXHHOWHPDHV©ODVWUDGLFLRQHV GH7RWRQLFDSiQª/RPLVPRRFXUULUtDVLHQHO VLJXLHQWHSiUUDIRDOXGHDODVFRPLGDVWtSLFDV GH7RWRQLFDSiQ WDPDOLWRVGHFDPEUD\DWRO GH PDVD FDOGR GH KDEDV FDOGR GH 7RELN WDPDOLWRV GH HORWH SDQ GH \HPDV  ¢(VWDUtD ELHQGHFLUTXHHOWHPDHV7RWRQLFDSiQ"¢1R FUHHQ TXH VHUtD PHMRU GHFLU ©ODV FRPLGDV GH 7RWRQLFDSiQª R ©OD JDVWURQRPtD GH 7RWRQLFDSiQª"  IR>OMBOFrAF@>JBKQBI> @LJMBQBK@F>IB@QLO>

0HMRUDU OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD UHTXLHUHHYDOXDUODGHIRUPDSHULyGLFD SDUDRULHQWDUQXHVWURWUDEDMRDSDUWLUGH ORVUHVXOWDGRVGLILFXOWDGHV\SURJUHVRV 'HQWUR GH ORV DVSHFWRV TXH GHEHPRV HYDOXDUSRGHPRVLQFOXLUYHORFLGDGGH OHFWXUD VLOHQFLRVD IOXLGH] HQ OHFWXUD RUDO FRPSUHQVLyQ JHQHUDO XVR GH

&DStWXOR

(OGHVDUUROORGHODFRPSHWHQFLDOHFWRUDHQODHVFXHOD

HVWUDWHJLDVOHFWRUDVSDUDFDGDXQRGH ORVSURFHVRV DQWHVGHOHHUGXUDQWHOD OHFWXUDGHVSXpVGHOHHU FRQRFLPLHQWR GHORVWLSRVGHWH[WR\GHODVHVWUXFWXUDV WH[WXDOHV /D HODERUDFLyQ GH SUXHEDV REMHWLYDV SDUD HYDOXDU OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD HV XQD WDUHD FRPSOHMD TXH UHTXLHUH GH H[SHULHQFLD \ GH FRQRFLPLHQWRV HVSHFLDOL]DGRV  3RU HOOR VXJHULPRV UHDOL]DU HMHUFLFLRV SHULyGLFRV TXH QRV GHQ XQD LGHD VREUH ORV DYDQFHV \ ODV GLILFXOWDGHV TXH HVWiQ WHQLHQGR ORV QLxRVQLxDV\MyYHQHVFRQHOGHVDUUROOR GH VXV KDELOLGDGHV 0XFKDV GH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV TXH KHPRV LQFOXLGR HQ HVWH WH[WR DVt FRPR ODV KHUUDPLHQWDV SHGDJyJLFDV TXH VH SUHVHQWDQ HQ HO FDStWXOR FXDWUR QRV SXHGHQ VHUYLU GH JUDQD\XGDSDUDGLVHxDUHMHUFLFLRVGH HYDOXDFLyQ $KRUD ELHQ VL SRGHPRV DFFHGHU D SUXHEDV REMHWLYDV HODERUDGDV FRQ FULWHULRVWpFQLFRV\YDOLGDGDVpVWDVQRV VHUiQGHJUDQXWLOLGDGSDUDLGHQWLILFDU ODV KDELOLGDGHV \ SURFHVRV D ORV TXH PiVDWHQFLyQGHEHPRVSUHVWDU 5HVSHFWR D OD IRUPD GH WUDEDMDU OD FRPSHWHQFLD OHFWRUD ORV WDOOHUHV GH OHFWXUD UHFRPHQGDPRV KDFHU WRGR FXDQWRVHDSRVLEOHSRUDOHMDUQRVGHORV VLVWHPDVGHFDOLILFDFLRQHV\SXQWRV(V GHFLU SURSRQHPRV TXH HO SHUtRGR GH OHFWXUD\ODVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHVHUHDOLFHQ HQpOQRWHQJDQXQDFDOLILFDFLyQQLVH SUHPLHQRFDVWLJXHQFRQSXQWRV (VWD IRUPD GH WUDEDMDU QRV KD GHPRVWUDGR TXH SHUPLWH LQYROXFUDU D ORVQLxRV\QLxDVGHIRUPDUHVSRQVDEOH HQVXSURFHVRGHPHMRUDGLVIUXWiQGROR \ GHVDUUROODQGR DVt HO JXVWR SRU OD OHFWXUD VLQ OD SUHVLyQ GH ©JDQDU R SHUGHUª XQ FXUVR  /D HYDOXDFLyQ

GH ODV KDELOLGDGHV VH XWLOL]D ~QLFDPHQWH FRPR SDUiPHWUR GH FUHFLPLHQWR SHUVRQDOGRQGHFDGDTXLHQ FRQRFH HQ TXp VLWXDFLyQ HVWiFyPRKDPHMRUDGRHQ XQSHUtRGRGHWLHPSR\TXp GHEH DWHQGHU GH PDQHUD HVSHFLDO

¿Está de acuerdo con lo que se dice respecto a no asignar calificaciones a una actividad lectora ? ¿Por qué?

0HGLUOD YHORFLGDGGHOHFWXUD

8QDVSHFWRLPSRUWDQWH\UHODWLYDPHQWH IiFLOGHPHGLUHVODYHORFLGDGOHFWRUD 3DUD HOOR VH XWLOL]D OD UHODFLyQ HQWUH FDQWLGDG GH SDODEUDV \ WLHPSR PLQXWRV  HVWDEOHFLHQGR HO Q~PHUR GH SDODEUDV SRU PLQXWR SSP  /D YHORFLGDG OHFWRUD GHEH PHGLUVH GXUDQWHODOHFWXUDVLOHQFLRVD (V PX\ LPSRUWDQWH WRPDU HQ FXHQWD TXH OD YHORFLGDG FRQ OD TXH OHHPRV GHSHQGHGHOSURSyVLWRGHOHFWXUD$Vt SRGHPRVGLIHUHQFLDU ‡ /HHU SDUD UHFRUGDU XQ WH[WR XQ SRHPDSRUHMHPSOR PHQRVGH SSP ‡ /HFWXUDDSURIXQGLGDGRGHHVWXGLR HQODTXHDGHPiVGHFRPSUHQGHU QHFHVLWDPRV H[WUDHU LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH GHEHPRV UHFRUGDU R XWLOL]DU HQ RWUDWDUHDSSP ‡ /HFWXUD DWHQWD R GH FRPSUHQVLyQ HQ OD TXH QRV LQWHUHVD FDSWDU HO VLJQLILFDGRGHOWH[WRSSP ‡ /HFWXUDYHOR]RGHH[SORUDFLyQFRQ HOODQRVIRUPDPRVXQDLGHDJHQHUDO GHOFRQWHQLGRSSP (QWUH HVWRV WLSRV GH OHFWXUD OD OHFWXUD GH FRPSUHQVLyQ HV SUREDEOHPHQWH OD PiV LPSRUWDQWH \D TXH HV OD TXH PRWLYDODOHFWXUDFRWLGLDQDGHODPD\RU SDUWHGHODJHQWH